
\ 5v I • 






^^^,^^ .I^^fA", \/ ;^'v %/ :^^'« ^^ 




iO 



*°-^t. -.^ 









s • • >. ^:i. 













.^'•\ 





.S 







.V 






'^0' 





4^ V 








\ 



No. 282 



HI 



Prlpe 10 cents 



Si ATHLETIC LIBRARY 



.#»Ki:r"x 



Official 



1' 



ATING^ m 



f 




^ff^i 



>. 



^^ 



American Sports Publishing Co/ifti 

u^^,,v<^^^^^^^^ 21 Warren S treet. New YorK ,|i''m.,,, -(,,,,,,,, 'b 




THE SPALDING TRADE-MARK IS THE 
FOUNDATION OF THE SPALDING BUSINESS 



Spalding's 
Athletic Library 

Anticipating the present ten- 
dency of the American people 
toward a healthful method of living 
and enjoyment, Spalding's Athletic 
Library was established in 1892 for 
the purpose of encouraging ath- 
letics in every form, not only by 
publishing the official rules and 
records pertaining to the various 
pastimes, but also by instructing, 
vmtil to-day Spalding's Athletic 
Library is unique in its own par- 
ticular field and has been conceded 
the greatest educational series on 
athletic and physical training sub- 
jects that has ever been compiled. 
The publication of a distinct 
series of books devoted to athletic 
sports and pastimes and designed 
to occupy the premier place in 
America in its class was an early 
idea of Mr. A. G. Spalding, who 
was one of the first in America 
to publish a handbook devoted to 
athletic sports, Spalding's Official 
Base Ball Guide being the initial 
number, which was followed at intervals with other handbooks on the 
sports prominent in the '70s. 

Spalding's Athletic Library has had the advice and counsel of Mr. A. G. 
Spalding in all of its undertakings, and particularly in all books devoted 
to the national game. This applies especially to Spalding's Official 
Base Ball Guide and Spalding's Official Base Ball Record, both of which 
receive the personal attention of Mr. A. G. Spalding, owing to his early 
connection with the game as the leadiner pitcher of the champion Boston 
and Chicago teams of 1872-76. His interest does not stop, however, with 
matters pertaining to base ball; there is not a sport that Mr. Spalding 
does not make it his business to become familiar with, and that the 
Library will always maintain Its premier place, with Mr. Spalding's able 
counsel at hand, goes without saying. 

The entire series since the issue of the first number has been under 
the direct personal supervision of Mr. James E. Sullivan, President 
of the American Sports Publishing Company, and the total series of 
consecutive numbers reach an aggregate of considerably over three 
hundred, included in which are many "annuals," that really constitute 
the history of their particular sport in America year by year, back copies 
of which are even now eagerly sought for, constituting as they do the 
really first authentic records of events and official rules that have ever 
been consecutively compiled. 

. When Spalding's Athletic Library was founded, seventeen years ago, 
track and field athletics were practically unknown outside the larger 
colleges and a few athletic clubs in the leading cities, which gave occa- 
sional meets, when an entry list of 250 competitors was a subject of com- 
ment; golf was known only by a comparatively few persons; lawn tennis 
had some vogue and base ball was practically the only established field 




G. Spalding 



EDITORS OF SPALDING' S ATHLETIC LIBRARY 

sport, and that in a professional way; basket ball had just been invented; 
athletics for the schoolboy — and schoolgirl— were almost unknown, and 
an advocate of class contests in athletics in the schools could not get a 
hearing. To-day we find the greatest body of athletes in the world is 
the Public Schools Athletic League of Greater New York, which has had 
an entry list at its annual games of over two thousand, and in whose 
"elementary series" in base ball last year 106 schools competed for the 
trophy emblematic of the championship. 

While Spalding's Athletic Library cannot claim that the rapid growth 
of athletics in this country is due to it solely, the fact cannot be denied 
that the books have had a great deal to do with its encouragement, by 
printing the official rules and instructions for playing the various games 
at a nominal price, within the reach of everyone, with the sole object 
that its series might be complete and the one place where a person 
could look with absolute certainty for the particular book in which he 
might be interested. 

In selecting the editors and writers for the various books, the lead- 
ing authority in his particular line has been obtained, with the result 
that no collection of books on athletic subjects can compare with 
Spalding's Athletic Library for the prominence of the various authors 
and their ability to present their subjects in a thorough and practical 
manner. 

A short sketch of a few of those who have edited some of the lead- 
ing numbers of Spalding's Athletic Library is given herewith : 



JAMES E. SULLIVAN 

President American Sports Publishing Com- 
pany; entered the publishing house of Frank 
Leslie in 1878, and has been connected continu- 
ously with the publishing business since then 
and also as athletic editor of various New- 
York papers; was a competing athlete; one of 
the organizers of the Amateur Athletic Union 
of the United States; has been actively on its 
board of governors since its organization until 
the present time, and President for two suc- 
cessive terms; has attended every champion- 
ship meeting in America since 1879 and has officiated in some capacity in 
connection with American amateur championships track and field games 
for nearly twenty-five years; assistant American director Olympic Games, 
Paris, 1900; director Pan-American Exposition athletic department, 1901; 
chief department physical culture Louisiana Purchase Exposition, St. 
Louis, 1904; secretary American Committee Olympic Games, at Athens, 
1906; honorary director of Athletics at Jamestown Exposition, 1907; secre- 
tary American Committee Olympic Games, at London, 1908; member of 
the Pastime A. C, New York; honorary member Missouri A. C, St. Louis; 
honorary member Olympic A. C, San Francisco; ex-president Pastime 
A. C, New Jersey A. C, Knickerbocker A. C; president Metropolitan 
Association of the A. A. U. for fifteen years; president Outdoor Recrea- 
tion League; with Dr. Luther H. Gulick organized the Public Schools 
Athletic League of New York, and is now chairman of its games commit- 
tee and member executive committee; was a pioneer in playground work 
and one of the organizers of the Outdoor Recreation League of New York ; 
appointed by President Roosevelt as special commissioner to the Olympic 
Games at Athens, 1906. and decorated by King George I. of the Hellenes 
(Greece) for his services in connection with the Olympic Games; ap- 
pointed special commissioner by President Roosevelt to the Olympic 
Games at London, 1908; appointed by Mayor McClellan, 1908, as member 
pf th§ Board of Education of Greater New York. 




EDITORS OF SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY 




WALTER CAMP 

For quarter of a century Mr. Walter Camp 
of Yale has occupied a leading position in col- 
lege athletics. It is immaterial what organiza- 
tion is suggested for college athletics, or for 
the betterment of conditions, insofar as college 
athletics is concerned, Mr. Camp has always 
played an important part in its conferences, 
and the great interest in and high plane of 
college sport to-day, are undoubtedly due more 
to Mr. Camp than to any other individual. Mr. 
Camp has probably written more on college 
athletics than any other writer and the leading papers and maga- 
zines of America are always anxious to secure his expert opinion on foot 
ball, track and field athletics, base ball and rowing. Mr. Camp has grown 
up with Yale athletics and is a part of Yale's remarkable athletic system. 
While he has been designated as the "Father of Foot Ball," it is a well 
known fact that during his college career Mr. Camp was regarded as one 
of the best players that ever represented Yale on the base ball field, so 
when we hear of Walter Camp as a foot ball expert we must also remem- 
ber his remarkable knowledge of the game of base ball, of which he is a 
great admirer. Mr. Camp has edited Spalding's Official Foot Ball Guide 
since it was first published, and also the Spalding Athletic Library book 
on How to Play Foot Ball. There is certainly no man in American college 
life better qualified to write for Spalding's Athletic Library than Mr. 
Camp. 



DR. LUTHER HALSEY GULICK 

The leading exponent of physical training 
in America; one who has worked hard to im- 
press the value of physical training in the 
schools; when physical training was combined 
with education at the St. Louis Exposition in 
1904 Dr. Gulick played an important part in 
that congress; he received several awards for 
his good work and had many honors conferred 
upon him; he is the author of a great many 
books on the subject; it was Dr. Gulick, who, 
acting on the suggestion of James E. Sullivan, 
organized the Public Schools Athletic League of Greater New York, and 
was its first Secretary; Dr. Gulick was also for several years Director of 
Physical Training in the public schools of Greater New York, resigning 
the position to assume the Presidency of the Playground Association of 
America. Dr. Gulick is an authority on all subjects pertaining to phys- 
ical training and the study of the child. 





JOHN B. FOSTER 

Successor to the late Henry Chadwick 
("Father of Base Ball") as editor of Spald- 
ing's Official Base Ball Guide; sporting editor 
of the New York Evening Telegram; has 
been in the newspaper business for many 
years and is recognized throughout America 
as a leading writer on the national game; a 
staunch supporter of organized base ball, 
his pan has always been used for the better- 
ment of the game. 



EDITORS OF SPALDING' S ATHLETIC LIBRARY 




TIM MURNANE 

Base Ball editor of the Boston Globe and 
President of the New England League of 
Base Ball Clubs; one of the best known base 
ball men of the country; known from coast 
to coast; is a keen follower of the game and 
prominent in all its councils; nearly half a 
century ago was one of America's foremost 
players: knows the game thoroughly and 
writes from the point of view both of player 
and an official. 




HARRY PHILIP BURCHELL 

Sporting editor of the New York Times; 
graduate of the University of Pennsylvania; 
editor of Spalding's Official Lawn Tennis 
Annual; is an authority on the game; follows 
the movements of the players minutely and 
understands not only tennis but all other sub- 
jects that can be classed as athletics; no one 
is better qualified to edit this book than Mr. 
Burchell. 




GEORGE T. HEPBRON 

Former Young Men's Christian Association 
director; for many years an official of the 
Athletic League of Young Men's Christian 
Associations of North America ; was con- 
nected with Dr. Luther H. Gulick in Young 
Men's Christian Association work for over 
twelve years; became identified with basket 
ball when it was in its infancy and has fol- 
lowed it since, being recognized as the lead- 
ing exponent of the official rules; succeeded 
Dr. Gulick as editor of the Official Basket Ball 

Guide and also editor of the Spalding Athletic Library book on How to 

Play Basket Ball. 



w^ 




JAMES S. MITCHEL 

Former champion weight thrower; holder 
of numerous records, and is the winner of 
more championships thasi any other individual 
in the history of sport ; Mr, Mitchel is a close 
student of athletics and well qualified to write 
upon any topic connected with athletic sport ; 
has been for years on the staff of the New 
York Sun. 



EDITORS OF SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY 



MICHAEL C MURPHY 

The world's most famous athletic trainer; 
the champion athletes that he has developed 
for track and field sports, foot ball and base ball 
fields, would run into thousands: he became 
famous when at Yale University and has 
been particularly successful in developing: 
what mig-ht be termed championship teams: 
his rare good iudgment has placed him in an 
enviable position in the athletic world; now 
with the University of Pennsylvania : dur- 
ing his career has trained only at two col- 
leges and one athletic club. Yale and the 
University of Pennsylvania and Detroit Athletic Club; his most recent 
triumph was that of training the famous American team of athletes 
that swept the field at the Olympic Games of 1908 at London. 





DR. C. WARD CRAMPTON 

Succeeded Dr. Gulick as director of physical 
training in the schools of Greater New York : 
as secretary of the Public Schools Athletic 
League is at the head of the most remarkable 
organization of its kind in the world; is a 
practical athlete and gymnast himself, and 
has been for years connected with the physi- 
cal training system in the schools of Greater 
New York, having had charge of the Higrh 
School of Commerce. 




DR. GEORGE J. FISHER 

Has been connected with Y. M. C. A. work 
for many years as physical director at Cincin- 
nati and Brooklyn, where he made such a high 
reputation as organizer that he was chosen to 
succeed Dr. Luther H. Gulick as Secretary of 
the Athletic League of Y. M. C. A.'s of North 
America, when the latter resigned to take 
charge of the physical training in the Public 
Schools of Greater New York. 



DR. GEORGE ORTON 

On athletics, college athletics, particularly 
track and field, foot ball, soccer foot ball, and 
training of the youth, it would be hard to find 
one better qualified than Dr. Orton; has had 
the necessary athletic experience and the 
ability to impart that experience intelligently 
to the youth of the land; for years was the 
American, British and Canadian champion 
runner. 



EDITORS OF SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY 








FREDERICK R. TOOMBS 

A well known authority on skating, rowing, 
boxing, racquets, and other athletic sports; 
was sporting editor of American Press Asso- 
ciation, New York; dramatic editor; is a law- 
yer and has served several terms as a member 
of Assembly of the Legislature of the State of 
New York; has written several novels and 
historical works. 



R. L. WELCH 

A resident of Chicago; the popularity off 
Indoor base ball is chiefly due to his efforts; 
a player himself of no mean ability; a first- 
class organizer; he has followed the game of 
indoor base ball from its inception. 



DR. HENRY S. ANDERSON 

Has been connected with Yale University 
for years and is a recognized authority on 
gymnastics; is admitted to be one of the lead- 
ing authorities in America on gymnastic sub- 
jects; is the author of many books on physical 
training. 



CHARLES M. DANIELS 

Just the man to write an authoritative 
book on swimming; the fastest swimmer the 
world has ever known; member New York 
Athletic Club swimming team and an Olym- 
pic champion at Athens in 1906 and London, 
1908. In his book on Swimming, Champion 
Daniels describes just the methods one must 
use to become an expert swinuner. 

GUSTAVE BOJUS 

Mr. Bojus is most thoroughly qualified to 
write intelligently on all subjects pertaining 
to gymnastics and athletics; in his day one 
of America's most famous amateur athletes; 
has competed successfully in gymnastics and 
many other sports for the New York Turn 
Verein; for twenty years he has been prom- 
inent in teaching gymnastics and athletics; 
was responsible for the famous grymnastic 
championship teams of Cohimbia University; 
now with the Jersey City fcdgh schools. 



EDITORS OF SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY 








CHARLES JACOBUS 

Admitted to be the "Father of Roque;" 
one of America's most expert players, win- 
ning' the Olympic Championship at St. Louis 
in 1904; an ardent supporter of the game 
and follows it minutely, and much of the 
success of roque is due to his untiring efforts; 
certainly there is no one better qualified to 
write on this subject than Mr. Jacobus. 



DR. E. B. WARMAN 

Well known as a physical training expert; 
was probably one of the first to enter the field 
and is the author of many books on the sub- 
ject; lectures extensively each year all over 
the country. 



W. J. CROMIE 

Now with the University of Pennsylvania; 
was formerly a Y. M. C. A. physical director; 
a keen student of all gymnastic matters; the 
author of many books on subjects pertaining 
to physical training. 



G. M. MARTIN 

By profession a physical director of the 
Young Men's Christian Association; a close 
student of all things gymnastic, and games 
for the classes in the gymnasium or clubs. 



PROF. SENAG 

A leader in the fencing world; has main- 
tained a fencing school in New York for 
years and developed a great many cham- 
pions : understands the science of fencing 
thoroughly and the benefits to be derived 
therefrom. 



SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY 



Q= 



Giving the Titles of all Spalding Athletic Library Books now ^ 
— J in print, grouped for ready reference ( ^ -^J 



SPALDING OFFICIAL ANNUALS 

No. I Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide 

No. lA Spalding's Official Base Ball Record 

No. 2 Spalding's Official Foot Ball Guide 

No. 2A Spalding's Official Soccer Foot Ball Guide 

No. 3 Spalding's Official Cricket Guide 

No. 4 Spalding's Official Lawn Tennis Annual 

No. 5 Spalding's Official Golf Guide 

No. 6 Spalding's Official Ice Hockey Guide 

No. 7 Spalding's Official Basket Ball Guide 

No. 7A Spalding's OfTlcial Women's Basket Ball Guide 

No. 8 Spalding's Official Lacrosse Guide 

No. 9 Spalding's Official Indoor Base Ball Guide 

No. lO Spalding's Official Roller Polo Guide 

No. 12 Spalding's Official Athletic Almanac 

No. I2A Spalding's OfTicial Athletic Rules 



(iroap I. Base Ball 

No.l Spalding' sOffieial BaseBall Guide 
No. lA Official Base Ball Record. 
How to Play Base Ball. 
How to Bat. 
How to Run Bases. 
How to Pitch. 
How to Catch. 
How to Play First Base. 
How to Play Second Base. 
How to Play Third Base. 
How to Play Shortstop. 
How to Play the Outfield. 
How to Organize a Base Ball 
League. [Club. 

How to Organize a Base Ball 
How to Manage a Base Ball 

Club. 
How toTrain a BaseBallTeam 
How to Captain a Base Ball 
How to Umpire a Game. [ Team 
Technical Base Ball Terms. 
Ready Reckoner of Base Ball 
Percentages. 
BASE BALL AUXILIARIES 
No. 336 Minor League Base Ball Guide 
No. 338 Official Book National League 

of Prof. Base Ball Clubs. 
No. 340 Official Handbook National 
Playground Ball Assn. 

Group II. Foot Ball 

No.2 Spalding'sOfficialFootBall Guide 
No. 334 Code of the Foot Ball Rules. 

How to Play Foot Ball. 

Spalding's Official Soccer Foot 
Ball Guide. 

How to Play Soccer. 

English Rugby. 



No. 202 
No. 223 
No. 232 
No. 230 
No. 229 
No. 225 
No. 226 
No. 227 
No. 228 
No. 224 



No. 
231. 



No. 219 



No. 324 
No. 2a 



No. 286 
No. 335 



FOOT BALL AUXILIARY 
No. 332 Spalding's Official Canadian 

Group III. ^°^* ^^" ^"^^^- crlcKcf 

No. 3 Spalding's Official Cricket Guide. 
No. 277 Cricket and How to Play It. 

Group IV. Lawn Tennis 

No. 4 Spalding's Official Lawn Ten- 
nis Annual. 
No. 157 How to Play Lawn Tennis. 
No. 279 Strokes and Science of Lawn 

Group Y. '^^'^'^^^ Golf 

No. 5 Spalding's Official Golf Guide 
No. 276 How to Play Golf . 

Group VI. Hockey 

No. 6 Spalding's Official Ice Hockey 

Guide. 
No. 304 How to Play Ice Hockey. 
No. 154 Field Hockey. 
(Lawn Hockey. 
No. 188 < Parlor Hockey. 
(Garden Hockey. 
No. 180 Ring Hockey. 

HOCKEY AUXILIARY 
No. 256 Official Handbook Ontario 
Hockey Association. 

Group VII. Basket Ball 

No. 7 Spalding's Official Basket 

Ball Guide. 
No. 7a Spalding's Official Women's 

Basket Ball Guide. 
No. 193 How to Play Basket Ball. 
BASKET BALL AUXILIARY 
No. 323 Official Collegiate Basket Ball 

Handbook. 



ANY OF THE ABOVE BOOKS MAILED POSTPAID UPON RECEIPT OF 10 CENTS 



SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY 



Group VIII. Lacrosse 

No. 8 Spalding's Official Lacrosse 

Guide. 
No. 201 How to Play Lacrosse. 

Group rx. Indoor Base Ball 

No. 9 Spalding's Official Indoor Base 
Ball Guide. 

Croop X. Polo 

No. 10 SpaJding's Official Roller Polo 

Guide. 
No. 129 Water Polo. 
No. 199 Equestrian Polo. 

Group XI. Miscellaneous Games 

No. 248 Archery. 
No. 138 Croquet. 
No. 271 Roque. 

(Racquets. 
No. 194 s Squash-Racquets. 

(Court Tennis. 
No. 13 Hand Ball. 
No. 167 Quoits. 
No. 170 Push Ball. 
No. 14 Curling. 
No. 207 Lawn Bowls. 
No. 188 Lawn Games. 
No. 189 Children's Games. 
No. 341 How to Bowl. 

Group XII. Athielics 

No. 12 Spalding's Official Athletic 

Almanac. 
No. 12a Spalding's Official Athletic 

Rales- 
No. 27 College Athletics, 
No. 182 All Around Athletics. 
No. 156 Athletes' Guide. 
No. 87 Athletic Primer. 
No. 273 Olympic GamesatAthens.1906 
No. 252 How to Sprint. 
No. 255 How to Run 100 Yards. 
No. 174 Distance and Cross Country 

Running. [Thrower. 

No. 259 How to Become a Weight 
No. 55 Official Sporting Rules, [boys. 
No. 246 Athletic Training for School- 
No. 317 Marathon Running. 
No. 331 Schoolyard Athletics. 

ATHLETIC AUXILIARIES 

No. 339 Intercollegiate Official Hand- 
book. 

No. 302 Y. M. C. A. Official Handbook. 

No. 313 Public Schools Athletic 
League Official Handbook. 

No. 314 Public Schools Athletic 
League Official Handbook 
— Girls' Branch. 

No. 308 Official Handbook New York 
Interscholastic Athletic 
Association. 



Group XIII. 



Athletic 
Accomplishments 



No, 177 How to Swim. 

No. 296 Speed Swimming. 

No. 128 How to Row. 

No. 209 How to Become a Skater. 

No. 178 How to Train for Bicyclingr. 

No. 23 Canoeing. 

No. 282 Roller Skating Guide. 

Group XIV. Manly sports 

No. 18 Fencing. (ByBreck.) 

No. 162 Boxing. 

No. 165 Fencing. (BySenac.) 

No. 140 Wrestling. 

No. 236 How to Wrestle. 

No. 102 Ground Tumbling. 

No. 233 Jiu Jitsu. 

No. 166 How to Swing Indian Clubs. 

No. 200 Dumb Bell Exercises. 

No. 143 Indian Clubs and Dumb Bells. 

No. 262 Medicine Ball Exercises. 

No. 29 Pulley Weight Exercises. 

No. 191 How to Punch the Bag. 

No. 289 Tumbling for Amateurs. 

No. 326 Professional Wrestling, 

Group XV. Gymnastics 

No. 104 Grading of Gymnastic Exer- 
cises. [Dumb Bell Drills. 

No. 214 Graded Calisthenics and 

No. 254 Barnjum Bar Bell Drill. 

No. 158 Indoor and Outdoor Gym- 
nastic Games. 

No. 124 How to Become a Gymnast. 

No. 287 Fancy Dumb Bell and March- 
ing Drills. [Apparatus. 

No. 327 Pyramid Building Without 

No. 328 Exercises on the Parallel Bars. 

No, 329 Pyramid Building with 
Wands, Chairs and Ladders 
GYMNASTIC AUXILIARY 

No, 333 Official Handbook I. C. A, A, 
Gymnasts of America, 

Group XVI. Physical culture 

No, 161 Ten Minutes' Exercise for 

Busy Men, [giene. 

No. 208 Physical Education and Hy- 

No. 149 Scientific Physical Training 

and Care of the Body. 
No. 142 Physical Training Simplified. 
No. 185 Hints on Health. 
No. 213 285 Health Answers. 
No. 238 Muscle Building. [ning. 

No. 234 School Tactics and Maze Run- 
No. 261 Tensing Exercises, [nasties. 
No, 285 Health by Muscular Gym- 
No, 288 Indigestion Treated by Gym- 
No. 290 Get Well; Keep Well, [nasties. 
No. 325 Twenty-Minute Exercises. 
No. 330 Physical Training for the 
School and Class Room. 



ANY OF THE ABOVE BOOKS MAILED POSTPAID UPON RECEIPT OF 10 CENTS 



SPALDING ATHLEriC LIBRARY 



Group I. Base Ball 

tlo. 1— Spal«1ine*« Official 
Base Ball Guide. 

j itj— — ^i i The leadinsr Base Ball 
I »^VC| annual of the country, and 
I B^SjV ? t h e official authority of 
I ISlbTiMl ^^^ eame. Contains the 
I i^'^^rj' official playing rules, with 
lutnm^ an explanatory index of the 
I KjsKg*^ rules compiled by Mr. A. G. 
ll fTwr''^'"!! Spalding: pictures of all 

~ the teams in the National, 

American and minor leagrues ; re- 
views of the season; college Base Ball, 
and a great deal of interesting in- 
formation. Price 10 cents. 

No. 202— How to I'lar Baae 
Ball. 

Edited by Tim Mumane. New and 
revised edition. Illustrated with pic- 
tures showing how all the various 
curves and drops are thrown and por- 
traits of leading players. Price 10 cents. 
No. 223— HovT to But. 

There is no better way of becoming 
a proticient batter than by reading this 
book and practising the directions. 
Numerousillustrations. Price 10 cents. 
to Unn the 

This book gives clear and concise 
directions for excelling as a base run- 
ner; tells when to run end when not to 
do so; how and when to slide: team 
work on the bases: in fact, every point 
of the game is thoroughly explained. 
Illustrated. Price 10 cents. 
No. 230— How to Pitch. 

Anew.up-to^atebook, Its contents 
•re the practical teaching of men who 
have reached the top as pitchers, and 
«rho know how to impart a knowledge 
of their art. All the big leagues' 
pitchers are shown. Price 10 cents. 
tio. 229— How to Catch. 

Every boy who has hopes of being a 
clever catcher should read how well- 
known players cover their position. 
Pictures of all the noted catchers in 
the big leagues. Price 10 cents. 



^•, 



Illustrated with pictures of all the 
prominent first basemen. Price lOcents. 
No. 22G— How to Play Second 
Base. 
The ideas of the best second basemen 
have been incorporated in this book for 
the especial benefit of boys who want 
to know the fine points of play at this 
point of the diamond. Price 10 cents. 
No. 22T— How to Play Third 
Bane. 
Third base is, in some respects, the 
most important of the infield. All the 
points explained. Price 10 cents. 
No. 22S— How to Play Short- 
atop. 
Shortstop is one of the hardest posi- 
tions on the infield to fill, and quick 
thought and quick action are necessary 
for a player who expects to make good 
as a shortstop. Illus. Price 10 cents. 
No. 224— How to riay the 
Outfleld. 
An invaluable guide for the out- 
fielder. Price 10 cents. 
No. 231— How to Coach; How 
to Captain a Team; How 
to Manase a Team; How 
to llMiplrej How to Or- 
iraulze U Leaene: Tech- 
nical Terma of Baae Ball. 
A.aaafulsuide. Price 10 centa. 



No . 219— Ready Reckoner of 
Baae Ball Percentaeea. 

To supply a demand f'lr a book which 
would show the percentage of clubs 
without recourse to theirduous work of 
figruring.the publisher- had these tables 
compiled by an expert Price 10 cents. 

BASE BALI, AUXILIARIES. 
No. lA— Spalding^'a Official 
Bnse Ball Record. 

Something new in Base Ball. Con- 
tains records of all kinds from the be- 
ginning of the Nftional League and 
official averages of all professional or- 
ganizations for past season. 10 cents. 

No. 310— Minor Leasne Baae 
Ball Guide. 

The minors' own gruide. Edited by 
President T. H. Murnane, of the New 
England League. Price 10 cents. 
No. 32U— Official Handbook 
of tlie Autionul Leuts'iie 
of Professional Base Bull 
Clubs. 
Contains the Constitution, By-Laws. 
Official Rules. Averages, and schedule 
of the National League for the current 
year, together with list of club officers 
and reports of the annual meetings of 
the League. Price 10 cents. 

No. 321— Official Handbook 
National Playground Bull 
Aaaoclntion. 

This game is specially adapted for 
playgrounds, parks, etc., is spreading 
rapidly. The book contains a descrip- 
tion of the game, rules and officers. 
Price 10 cents. 

Group n. Foot Ball 

No. 2— SiiuldinK'H Official 
Foot Ball Guide. 

Edited by Walter Camp. 
Contains the new rules, 
with diagram of field: All- 
America teams as selected 
by the leading authorities; 
reviews of the game from 
various sections of the 
country: scores; pictures. 
Price 10 cents. 
No. 334— Code of the Foot 
Ball Rules. 
This book is meant for the use of 
Officials, to help them to refresh their 
memories before a game and to afford 
them a quick means of ascertaining a 
point during a game. It also gives a 
ready means of finding a rule in the 
Official Rule Book, and is of great help 
to a player in studying the Rules. 
Compiled by C.W. ShotL Harvard, 1908. 
Price 10 cents. 

No. 324— How to Play Foot 
Ball. 
Edited by Walter Camp, of Yale. 
Everything that a beginner wants to 
know and many points that an expert 
will be glad to learn. Snapshots of 
leading teams and players in action, 
with comments by Walter Camp. 
Price 10 cents. 

No. 2A— Spaldinsr'a Official 
Association Soccer Vooi 
Ball Guide. 

A complete and ujvto-' 
date guide to the ■"Soceer" 
game in the United States, 
containing instructions for 
playing tHfe game, official 
rules, and interesting 
news from all parts of the 
country. Illustrated. Price 
10 ceota. 





No. 28C— How to Play.Soe* 
cer. * 

How each position should be played. 
written by the best player in England 
in his respective position, and illus- 
trated with full-page photographs of 
players in action. Price 10 cents. 

FOOT BALL. AUXILIARIES. 
No. 33$— Spaldine'a Official 
Canadian Foot Ball < 
Guide. 

The official book of the firame in Can- 
ada. Price 10 cents. 

Group m. Cricket 



The most complete year 
book of the game that haa 
ever been published in 
America. Reports of 1 
special matches, official 
rules and pictures of all 
the leading teams. Price 
10 cents. 



No. 277— Cricket; and How 
to Play it. 

By Prince Ranjitsinhji. The sramei 
described concisely and illustrated with i 
full-pape pictures posed especially for i 
this book. Price 10 cents. 




Group IV, 



Lawn 
Tennis; 




No. 4— Spaldtne's Official \ 
La'wu Tennis Annual. 

Contents include reports t 
of all important touma- - 
ments: official ranking i 
from 1885 to date; laws of i 
lawn tennis: instructions i 
for handicapping: decit i 
sions on doubtful points;) 
management of toumar 
ments: directory of clubszii 



A complete description of lawn ten-i 
nis; a lesson for beginners and diree-: 
tions telling how to make the most im»i 
portant strokes. Illustrated.^ Price 
10 cents. " 

No. 270— Strokea and Science< 
of Laivn Tennia. 

By P. A. Vaile, a leading authority 
on the game in Great Britain. Every 
stroke in the game is accurately illu8-< 
trated and analyzed by the author. 
Price 10 cents. 



Golf 



Group V. 

No. .I- Spaldlnff's 
Golf Guide. 

Contains records of all 
important tournaments, 
articles on the game in 
various sections of the 
country, pictures of prom- 
inent players, official play- 
ing rules and general 
items of interest. Price 
10 cents. 



No. 27G— How to Play Oolt, 

By James Braid and Harry Vardoni 
the world's two greatest players tell 
how they play the game, with numeil 
ous full-page pictures of them takHU 
op the lioks. Price 10 OWt^ — 




SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY 




Group VI. ^ Hockey 

Ko. 6«>SpaltIiii6's Official Ice 
Hockey Guide. 

The official year book of 
the game. Contains the 
official rules, pictures of 
leading teams and players, 
records, review 'of the 
season, reports from dif- 
ferent sections of the 
United States and Canada. 
Price 10 cents. 

No. 304— How to Ploy Ice 
HoeUey. 

Con,tains a description of the duties 
of each player. Illustrated, Price 10 
cents. 

No. 154~FieId Hockey. 

Prominent in the sports at Vassar, 
Smith. Wellesley, BrynMawrand other 
leading colleges. Price 10 cents. 

No. 1«« — l,aTpn Hockey. 
Parlor Hockey, Garden 
Hockey. 

Containing the rules for each game. 
Illustrated. Price 10 cents. 

No. ISO— Rins Hockey. 

A new game for the gymnasium. 
Exciting as basket ball. Price 10 cents. 

HOCKEY AUAILIARY. 
No. a5»>-Omcial Handbook 
of the Ontario Hockey 
Association. 

Contains the official rules of the 
Association, constitution, rules of coin- 
petition, list of officers, and pictures of 
leading players. Price 10 cents. 



Group Vn. 



Basket 
Ball 




No. 7— Spalding's Otiicial 
Basket Ball Guide. 

Edited by George T. 
Hepbron. Contains the 
revised official rules, de- 
cisions on disputed points. 
records of prominent 
teams, reports on the game 
from various parts of the 
country. Illustrated. Price 
10 cents. 

No. 193— How to Play Basket 
Ball. 

Uy G. T. Hepbron, editor of the 
Official Basket Ball Guide. Illustrated 
with scenes of action. Price 10 cents. 

No. 31S- Official Basket Ball 
Guide for Women. 

Edited by Miss Senda Berenson. of 
Smith College. Contains the official 
playing -rules and special articles on 
the game by prominent authorities. 
Illustrated. Price 10 cents. 

BASKET BALL AUXILIARY. 
tin. 323— Collegiate Basket 
Ball Handbook. 

Ttbe official publication of the Colle- 
Siate Basket Ball Association. Con- 
telns the official rules, records, All- 
America selections, reviews, and pic- 
tares» Edited by H. A. Fisber, of 



Group VIII. Bowling 

Jio. S— Spalding's Official 
__ BoTt'Iing Guide. 

The contents include: I 
diagrams of effective de- 
liveries; hints to begin- 
ners- how to score: official 
rules: spares, how they 
are made: rules for cocked 
hat, quintet, cocked hat 
and feather, battle game, 
etc. Price 10 cents. 



Indoor 
Base Ball 




Group IX. 



No. O— Spalding's OHiciiil In- 
door Banc Ball Giii«le. 

America's national game ' 
is now vieing with other j 
indoor games as a winter 
pastime. This book con- 
tains the playing rules, 
pictures of leading teams. | 
and interesting articles on 
the game by leading au- 
thorities on the subject. ' 
Price 10 cents. 



Group X. 




No. lO— S|»alding's 
Official Roller 
I>olo Guide. 

Edited by J. C. Morse. 
A full description of the 
game: official rules, re- 
cords: pictures of promi- 
nent players.Price IC cents 
No. 120— Water Polo. 

The contents of this book treat of 
every detail, the individual work of the 
players, the practice of the team, how 
to throw the ball, with illustrations and 
many valuable hints. Price 10 cents. 
No. lyo— Eqncstrian Pulo. 

Compiled by H. L. Fitzpatrick of the 
New York Sun. Illustrated with por- 
traits of leading players, and contains 
most useful information for polo play- 
ers. Price 10 cents. 

_ -__ Miscellane- 
GroupXI. ous Games 

\o. 2U1— Lacrosse. 

Every position is thoroughly ex- 
plained in a most simple and concise 
manner, rendering it the best manual 
of the game ever, published. Illus- 
trated with numerous snapshots of im- 
portant plays. Price 10 cents. 
No. 322— Official Handbook 
U. S. Intcr-CoIIeglate La- 
crosse League. 

Contains the constitution, by-laws, 
playing rules, listof officers and records 
of the association. Price 10 cents. 
No. 271— Spalding's Official 
Roque Guide. 

The official publication of the Na- 
tional Roque Association of America. 
Contains a description of the courts 
and their construction, diagrams, illus- 
trations, rules and valuable infomia- 
tion. Price 10 cents. 

No. 138— Spalding's Offlctal 
Croquet Guide 

Contains directions for playihg, dia- 
grams of important strokes, description 
of grounds, instructions for the begin- 
ner, terms used in the game, and the 
official playlsg rvUf. Price 10 ceota. 



No. 248— Archery. 

A new and up-to-date book on this 
fascinating pastime. The several 
varieties of archery: instructions for 
shooting: how to select implements; 
how to score; and a great deal of inter, 
esting information. Illustrated. Price 
10 cents. 

No. 104— Hacqaets. Sqnaaif 
Racquets and Coart Ten- 
nis. 

How to play each game is thoroughly 
explained, and all the difficult strokes 
shown by special photographs taken 
especially for this book. Contains the 
official rules for each game. Price 10 
cents. 

No, 167— Qnolta. 

Contains a description of the plays 
used by experts and the official rules. 
Illustrated. Price 10 cents. 

No. 170— Push Ball. 

This book contains the official rules 
and a sketch of the game; illustrated. 
Price 10 cents. 



By the world's champion. Michael 
Egan. Every play is thoroughly ex- 
plained by text and diagram. Illus- 
trated. Price 10 cents. 
No. 14— CurliuK. 

A short history of this famous Scot- 
tish pastime, with instructions for 
play, rules of the game, definitions of 
terms and diagrams of different shots. 
Price 10 cents. 

No. 207— Bowlinff on the 
Green; or, Lawn Bowls. 

How to construct a green; how to 
play the game, and the official rules 
of the Scottish Bowling Association. 
Illustrated. Price 10 cents. 
No. 189— Children's Oamea. , 

These games are intended for use al^ 
recesses, and all but the team gam^' 
have been adapted to large classes. 
Suitable for children from three to 
eigh t years, and include a great variety. 
Price 10 cents. 

No. 1»S— Lawn Gamea. , 

Lavra Hockey, Garden Hockey, Hand 
Tennis. Tether Tennis; also Volley 
Ball, Parlor Hockey. Badminton, Bas* 
ketGoaL Price 10 cents. 

Group xn. Athletics 

No. 12— Spalding's Ofllclal 
Athletic Almanac. 

Compiled by J. E. Sulli- 
van, Presidentof the Ama- 
teur Athletic Union, The 
only annual publication 
now issued that contains , 
a complete list of amateur | 
best-on-records; intercol- 
legiate, swimming, inter- 
scholastic. English, Irish, Scotch, 
Swedish, Continental, South African. 
Australasian; numerous photos of in* 
dividual athletes and leadinar athletip 
teams. Price 10 cents. 

No. 27— College Athleti<!»i' 

M. C. Murphy, the well-known ath* 
letic trainer, now with Pennsylvania, 
the author of this book, has written it 
especially for the schoolboy and collesa 
man, but it is invaluable for the athleta 
who wishes to excel in any branch of 
athletic sport: profoaely Ulwitratafc 
Prica 10 e«n$ak " 




SPALDING ATHLEnC UBRARf 



h ^yl82*All*Aroiiiia 
t««lca. 



Atb« 



^(8!ve» in full the method of scoring 
Che AlI«Anund Championship; how to 
train for the AU-Around Champion* 
«hip. Ulttstrated. Price 10 cents. 

Wo. 18U<-AthIet^s Gntde.^ 

Full instructions for the beginner. 
teUintr how to sprint hurdle, jump and 
throw weights, general hints on tram- 
tng; valuable advice to beginners and 
important A. A. U. rules and their ex- 
iplanations. while the pictures comprise 
many scenes of champions in action. 
Price 10 cents. 

Ho. 273-The Olrtnple Oames 
at Athena. 

^complete account of the Olympic 
Games of 1906, at Athens, the greatest 
International Athletic Contest ever 
lh«ld. Compiled by J. E. Sullivan. 
Special United States Commissioner to 
Che Olympic Games. Price 10 cents. 

Ho. 87-AthletIc Prltaer. 

I Edited by J. E. Sullivan President 
«f the Amateur Athletic Union. Tells 
feow to organize an athletic club, how 
Co conduct an athletic meeting, and 
Sives rules for the government of ath- 
letic meetings; contents also include 
directions for laying out athletic 
•rounds, and a very instructive article 
«n training. Price 10 cents. 

Ifo. 852— How to Sprint. 

Every athlete who asphres to be a 
•printer can study this book to advan> 
iCage. Price 10 cents. 

fre.'*'2SS-How to Ran &00 
Tarda. 

By J. W, Morton, the noted British 
■ I. Many of Mr. Morton's 
of training are novel to 

I athletes, but his success is 

Che best tribute to their worth. Ulus* 
•rated. Price 10 cents. 

Mo. 174— niatance and Croaa* 
Conatry Rnnnlnsr. 
-iftr George Orton. the famous Uni- 
^arnty of Pennsylvania runner. The 
^oarter. half. mile, the longer dis- 
CaneeSi and cross.country running and 
oteepleehasing. with instructions for 
tniniag: pictures of leading athletes 
In aetlMi. witii comments by the editor. 
Nes 10 cents. 

Ka* 3B»-lVelKlit Throwlnsr. 

Plabably no other man in the world 
has had the varied and long experience 
•f James S. Mitchel. the author, in the 
vidsht throwing department of ath- 
tetles. The book gives valuable infor> 
matisa not only for the novice, but for 
Che expert as welL Price 10 cents. 

Ho. 246— Athletic Training 
(or Schoolboya. 

By Geo. W. Orton. Each event in the 

atereeUegiate programme is treated 
sepaiaUly. Price 10 cents. 

jS5»0ffloial Sportinff 



ATHLETIC AirXILIARIRS. 
No. 3X1— Official Handbook 
of the A.A.V. 

The A. A. U. is the governing body 
of athletes in the United States of 
America, and ail games must be held 
under its rules, which are exclusively 
published in this handbook, and a copy 
should be in the hands of every athlete 
and every club officer in America. 
Also includes a very interesting article 
on "The Growth of American Ath- 
letics," and a short biography of each 
member of the Board of Governors. 
Price 10 cents. ^ 

No. 31U— Official Intercolle- 
srlnte A.A.A.A. Handbook. 

Contains constitution, by-laws, and 
laws of athletics; records from 1876 to 
date. Price 10 cents. 

No. 308— Official Handbook 
New York InteracUoI- 
nNtlc Athletic Associa- 
tion. 

Contains the Association's records, 
constitution and by-laws and other 
information. Price 10 cents. 

Y.U.C.A. 



No. 302— Official 
Handbook. 

Contains the official rules governing 
all sports under the jurisdiction of the 
Y. M. C. A., official Y. M. C. A. scoring 
tables, pentathlon rules, pictures of 
leading Y. M. C. A athletes. Price 
10 cents. 

No. 313— Offlclul Handbook 
of the Public Schools 
Athletic Leasiie. 

Edited by Dr. O. Ward Crampton, 
director of physical education in the 
Public Schools of Greater New York. 
Illustrated. Price 10 cents. 

No. 314— Official Handbook 
Girls' Branch of the 
Public Schools Athletic 
Leasae. 

The official publication. Contains: 
constitution and by-laws, list of offi- 
cers, donors, founders, life and annual 
members, reports and illudlrations. 
Price 10 cents. 

No. 331— Schoolyard Atb> 
letlcs.. 

By J. E. Sullivan. President Amateur 
Athletic Union and member of Board 
of Education of Greater New York. An 
invaluable handbook for the teacher 
and the pupil. Gives a systematic 
plan for conducting school athletic con- 
tests and instructs how to prepare for 
the various events. Illustrated. Price 
10 cents. 

No. 317— Maratlion Running:. 

A new and up-to-date book on this 
popular pastime. Contains pictures 
of the leading Marathon runners, 
methods of training, and best times 
made in various Marathon events. 
Price 10 cents. 

Group xm. Athletic 
Accomplishments 

_. rules not found in oUier I««- 177-How to Swim, 
tions for the government of Will interest the expert as well as 

- '"- - the novice; the illustrations were made 

from photographs especially posed, 
shovring the swimmer in clear water; 
a valuable feature is the series of 
"landdrill" ex«reiKafertb«b«gliw«r. 
PdealftaiBli^ 



rules for wrestling, 
snowshoeing, profes- 
zaeing. pigeon shooting, dog 
pistu and revolver shooti'ng, 
vattv polo mies. Bugby foot 



No. 128— How to Row. ^ 

By E. J. Giannini, of the New York 
Athletic Club, one of America's most 
famous amateur oarsmen and cham- 
pions. Shows how to hold the oars, 
the finish of the stroke and other valu- 
able information. Price 10 cents. 
No. 2»U— Speed SwImnilnE. 

By Champion C. M. Daniels of the 
New York Athletic Club team, holder , 
of numerous American records, and the 
best swimmer in America qualified to 
write on the subject Any boy should 
be able to increase his speed in the 
water after reading Champion Daniels' 
instructions on the subject. Price 10 
cents. 
No. 23— Canoelns. 

Paddling, sailing, cruising and rac- 
ing canoes and their uses; with hints 
on rig and management; the choice of 
a canoe: sailing canoes, racing regula- 
tions; canoeing and camping. Fully 
illustrated. Price 10 cents. 
No. 209— HoTv to Become a 
Skater. 

Contains advice for beginners; how- 
to become a figure skater, showing'how 
to do all the different tricks of the best 
figure skaters. Pictures of prominent 
skaters and numerous diagrams. Price 
10 cents. 

No. 2812— Official Roller Skat* 
Ing: Guide. 

Directions for becoming a fancy and 
trick roller skater, and rules for roller 
skating. Pictures of prominent trick 
skaters in action. Price 10 cents. 

No. 178— How to Train for 
Dicycllnsr. 

Gives methods of the best riders 
when training for long or short distance 
races; hints on training. Revised and 
up-to-date in every particular. Price 
10 cents. 

^ --_-, t Manly 
Group XIV. Sports- 

No. l4U-'tVre8tUn8r. 

Catoh-as-catch-can style. Seventjr 
illustrations of the different holds, pho- 
tographed especially and so described 
that anybody can with little effort lean* 
every one. Price 10 cents. 

No. 18— Fencing. 

By Dr. Edward Breck, of Bostoi^ 
editor of The Swordsman, a promi^i- 
nent amateur fencer. A book that has 
stood the test of time, and is universally 
acknowledged to be a standard work. 
Illustrated. Price 10 cents. 

No. 102— Bbxinsr Gnlde. 

Contains over 70 pagesof illustrations 
showing all the latest blows, posed 
especially for this book under the super, 
vision of a well-known instructor of 
boxing, who makes a specialty of teach- 
ing and knows how to impart bia 
knowledge. Price 10 cents. 

No. 165— The Art of Penolny 

By Regis and Louis Senac of New 
York, famous instructors and leaditig 
authorities on the subject. Gives ia 
detail how every move should be made. 
Price 10 cents. 

No. 236— How to Wreatle.^ 

The most complete and np-todat« 
book on wrestiing ever published. 
Edited by F. R. Toombs, and devoted 
principally to special poses and lllustn* , 



SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARV 



No. 102— Ground Tamblinc 

Any boy, by reading: this book and 
following the instructions, can become 
proficient. Price 10 cents. 

Ho. 2»i>— TnmbMns (or Ama* 
teara. 

Specially compiled for amateurs by 
Dr. James T. Gwathmey. Every variety 
of the pastime explained by text and 
pictures, over 100 diflferent positions 
being: shown. Price 10 cents. 

Mo. 191— How to Punch the 
Bag. 

The best treatise on bag punching 
that has ever been printed. Every va- 
riety of blow used in training is shown 
and explained, with a chapter on fancy 
bag punching by a well-known theatri- 
cal bag puncher. Price 10 cents. 

No. 143— Indian Clnbs and 
Dnmb-Bella. 

'Hy America's amateur champion club 
swinger, J. H. Dougherty. It is clearly 
illustrated, by which any novice can 
become an expert. Price 10 cents. 

No. 200— Dnmb-Bells. 

The best work on dumb-bells that 
has ever been offered. By Prof. G. 
Bojus, of New York. Contains 200 
photographs. Should be in the hands 
of every teacher and pupil of physical 
culture, and is invaluable for home 
exercise. Price 10 cents. 

No. 262— Medicine Ball Ex- 
erciaea. 

A series of plain and practical exer- 
cises with the medicine ball, suitable 
for boys and girls, business and profes- 
sional men, in and out of gymnasium. 
Price 10 cents. 



By Dr. Henry S. Anderson, instructor 
in heavy gymnastics Yale gymnasium. 
In conjunction with a chest machine 
anyone with this book can become 
perfectly developed. Price 10 cents. 

No. 233-Jta Jltan. 

Each move thoroughly explained and 
illustrated with numerous full-page 
pictures of Messrs. A. Minami and K. 
Koyama, two of the most famous ex- 
ponents of the art of Jiu Jitsu, who 
posed especially for this book. Price 
10 cents. 

Vo. 16G— Hovr to Swlns; In« 
dlan Clubs. 

By Prof. E. B. Warman. By follow- 
ing the directions carefully anyone can 
become an expert. Price 10 cents. 

No. 32G— Profeasional Wrest^ 
liner. 

A book devoted to the catch-as-catch- 
can style; illustrated with half-tone 
pictures showing the different holds 
used by Frank Gotch, champion catch- 
as-catch-can wrestler of the world. 
Posed by Dr. Roller and Charles Postl. 
By Ed. W. Smith. Sporting Editor of 
the Chicago American. Price 10 cente. 

Group XV. Gymnastics 

II*. 104— The Gradine of 
Ormmaatic Exerciae*. 

By G. M. Martin. A book that should 
Miathekands of every physical direo> 

aolth«Y.M.C.A..8choQL ' 
btllk MMUcaatk 



No. 214— Graded Caliathen- 
ica and Dumb-Bell Drllla, 

For years it has been the custom in 
most gymnasiums of memorizing a set 
drill, which was never varied. Conse- 
quently the beginner was given the 
same kind and amount as the older 
member. With a view to giving uni- 
formity the present treatise is at- 
tempted. Price 10 cents. 

No. 254— Bnrnjnm Bar Bell 
Drill. 

Edited by Dr. R. Tait McKenzie, 
Director Physical Training, University 
of Pennsylvania, Profusely illustrated 
Price 10 cents. 

No. ISS— Indoor and Outdoor 
Gymnastic Games. 

A book that will prove valuable to in- 
door and outdoor gymnasiums, schools, 
outings and gatherings where there 
are a number to be amused. Price 10 
cents. ) 

No. 124— How to Become a 
Gymnast. 

By Robert Stoll, of the New York 
A. C, the American champion on the 
flying rings from 1885 to 1892. Any boy 
can easily become proficient with a 
little practice. Price 10 cents. 

No. 287— Fancy Dnmb Beli 
and Marcliing: Drill.s. 

All concede that games and recreative 
exercises during the adolescent period 
are preferable to set drills and monoton- 
ous movements. These drills, while de- 
signed primarily for boys, can be used 
successfully with girls and men and 
women. Profusely illustrated. Price 
10 cents. 

No. »27— Pyramid Bnildlne 
'Witliout Apiiaratns. 

By W. J. Cromie. Instructor of 
Gymnastics. University of Pennsyl- 
vania. With illustrations showing 
many different combinations. This 
book should be in the hands of all gym- 
nasium instructors. Price 10 Cents. - 

No. 32»— Exercises OH the 
Parallel Bars. 

By W. J. Cromie. Every gymnast 
should procure a copy of this book. 
Illustrated with cuts showing many 
novel exercises. Price 10 cents. 

No. 325)— Pyramid Bnildingr 
with Chairs, Wands and 
Ladders. 

By W. J. Cromie. Illustrated with 
half-tone photopraphs showing many 
interesting combinations. Price 10 
cents. 

GYMNASTIC AUXILIARY. 
No. 333— Official Handbook 
Inter-Colleelate Associa- 
tion Amateur Gymnasts 
of America. 
Edited by P. R. Carpenter, Physical 
Director Amherst College. Contains 
pictures of leading teams and individual 
champions, official rules governing con- 
tests, records. Price 10 cents. 

Group XVI. Kre ' 

N.o. 101— Ten Minntea* Exev« 
clae (or Busy Men. 

By Dr. Luther Halsey Gulick. Direc- 
tor of Physical Trainmg in the New 



York Public Schools. 
tt 



A concise and 



gompteu eooTM of y^yie*! «da(»tion. 



No. 20H— riiysical Education 
and Hyelene. 

This is the fifth of the Physical 
Training series, by Prof. E. B. Warman 
(see Nos. 142, 149, 166. 185. 213, 261, 290.) 
Price 10 cents. 

No,14»— The Careotthe Body. 

A book that all who value health 
should read and follow its instructions. 
By Prof. E. B. Warman, the well-known 
lecturer and authority on physical cul- 
ture. Price 10 cents. 

No. 142-Pliysical Training 
SimpliHed. 

By Prof. E. B. Warman. A complete, 
thorough and practical book where the 
whole man is considered— brain and 
body. Price 10 cents. 
No. IS.'— Health Hinta. 

By Prof. E. B. Warman. Health in- 
fluenced by insulation: health influ- 
enced by underwear; health influenced 
by color; exercise. Price 10 cents. 
No. 213—285 Health Answers. 

By Prof. E. B. Warman. Contents: 
ventilating a bedroom; ventilating a 
house; how to obtain pure air; bathing; 
salt water baths at home; a substitute 
for ice water; to cure insomnia, etc., 
etc. Price 10 cents. 
No. 238— Muscle Buildins. 

By Dr. L. H. Gulick, Director of Phy- 
sical Training in the New York Public 
Schools. A complete treatise on the 
correct method of acquiring strength. 
Illustrated. Price 10 cents. 
No. 234— School Tactics and 
Mar.e Kuiiiiing'. 

Aseriesof drills for the use of schools. 
Edited by Dr. Luther- Halsey Gulick. 
Director of Physical Training in the 
New York Public Schools. Price 10 
cents. 
No. 2U1— Tensing: Exercises. 

By Prof. E. B. Warman. The "Ten, 
sing" or "Resisting" system of mus- 
cular exercises is the most thorough, 
the most complete, the most satisfac- 
tory, and the most fascinating ot sys- 
tems. Price 10 cents. 

So. 285— Health; by Mase«« 
lar Gymnastics. 

With hints on right living. By W. J. 
Cromie. If one will practice the exer- 
cises and observe the hints therein 
contained, he will be amply repaid for 
so doing. Price 10 cents. 

No. 288— Indigestion Treated 
by Gymnastics 

By W. J. Cromie. If the hints there- 
in contained are observed and the 
exercises faithfully performed great 
relief will be experienced. Price 10 
cents. 

No. 290— Get Well; Keep 
Well. 

By Prof. E. B. Warman. author of a 
number of books in the Spalding Ath- 
letic Library on physical training. 
Price 10 cents. 

No. 32.'>— Twenty>Miniite Ex- 
ercises. 

By Prof. E. B. Warman. with chap- 
ters on " How to Avoid Growing Old." 
and "Fasting; Its Objects and Bene- 
fits." Price 10 cents. 

No. 330— Physical Tralnlnc 
(or the School and Class 
Moom. 

Edited by G. R. Borden. Physical 
Director of the Y. M. C. A., Easton, Pa. 
A book that is (or practical work ia 
the school room. UluatntML fititt 



(7=^^=0 ""—^^ 



a 



Spalding's Athletic Library 
Group XIII. No, 282. 



spalding's 

Roller Skating 

Guide 



o 



0= 






Edited by 

H. P. BURCHELL 



NEW YORK 

American Sports Publishing Company 
21 warren street 



(>— D cr— ^ 



<\ 






Copyright, 1910 

BY 

A. G. Spalding & Bros. 



©GU268790 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. E 

= ^ ^ ^ 

Introduction 

• Twenty years ago roller skating was popular throughout the 
United States and Canada. Every town of 2,000 or more inhabi- 
tants had its rink, while the larger cities supported from two to 
six or eight. Clubs were formed and the sport bid fair to enjoy 
a long reign of popularity, but there was something lacking and 
the attendance at the rinks dropped ofif by degrees until it be- 
came a non-paying institution. Several efforts were made to 
revive the sport, but little or no success attended the efforts, 
and the promoters gave up the project in disgust. 

It was not until the spring of 1905 that the general public gave 
any indication that the time was ripe for a revival. Many of the 
* big cities in England had, in the preceding year, started a re- 
vival which met with generous support from the public, and 
America quickly followed the lead with the result that success 
has attended the experiment far beyond the most sanguine expec- 
tations of the promoters of roller skating rinks. Where one hun- 
dred persons attended the sessions twenty years ago, fully ten 
times that number can be seen on the floors of the rinks in all 
the big cities, while the percentage of increase is correspondingly 
great in the snialler towns. 

A number of reasons can be advanced for this remarkable 
condition of affairs. The wonderful increase in the population, 
the prosperous condition of the country, which enables the aver- 
age man or woman to indulge more frequently in the pursuit 
of refined pastimes and recreations, the superiority of the ball- 
bearing skate over the old one, which greatly enhances the pleas- 
ure of skating, making it a graceful accomplishment and enjoy- 
able pastime rather than a laborious effort, and what is per- 
haps more important than all is the fact that instead of barns 
and tumble-down buildings being converted into rinks, large, 
commodious and well-ventilated halls have been remodeled. 




TAKING A START FOR THE HIGH JUMP. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 7 

renovated and re-arranged to suit the needs, comforts and con- 
veniences of the patrons of roller skating. 

Many representatives of the most prominent families in the 
country now enjoy the sport, thus giving it a dignity and stand- 
ing that was conspicuous by it's absence in former years. It 
is true that they usually attend the morning sessions, but this 
is largely due to the many social engagements which occupy 
their time. With the continuation of support from the better 
element there is little doubt about the future status of roller 
skating. 

It is estimated that over one hundred and fifty rinks are in 
operation in the United States, with an average attendance of 
1,000. Several of the big rinks, such as Madison Square Garden, 
draw on an average of 2,500 a day. One notable feature about 
the present revival is the number of persons who enjoy the sport 
without actual participation in it. With the sport kept clean and 
healthy the present revival should continue for many years. 




THE DAVIDSONS (FANNIE AND JOHN F.) EXECUTING THE HAND 
IN HAND, MOHAWK OR SPREAD EAGLE FIGURE. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

Roller Skating as a Pastime, with Advice to 
Beginners and Description of Movements 

V o r -^ 

The attainment of skill and proficiency on roller skates affords 
as great pleasure as the acquisition of similar skill on ice. The 
one great charm of ice skating is its infrequency and the doubt 
of its lasting, causing the skaters to work hard. Roller skating 
can be indulged in under any and all conditions, as the sport 
or pastime is in no way susceptible to weather conditions. In 
it persistent work means improvement, and improvement in any 
pursuit means pleasure. It has always been supposed that prac- 
tice at roller skating would be of great assistance on the ice, 
but notwithstanding the thousands who enjoy the indoor prac- 
tice, there is little or no perceptible improvement in ice skating. 
This fact was patent at the last roller skating revival as well as 
in the present instance. The cause of this is not difficult to 
determine. Of the many thousands who use the rollers not one 
in twenty know how to do even an outside roll properly. 

As a matter of fact, figure skating is much more difficult on 
rollers than on the ice. It is estimated by competent experts 
that twenty hours' practice is requisite to give a skater on rollers 
the corresponding amount of skill which one hour's practice on 
ice would command. But when a difficult movement on rollers 
is mastered the satisfaction is proportionately great. Of the 
hundreds of thousands of people who have tried, and who will 
still tr}^ but few have attempted more than straightforward 
skating, with perhaps a feeble attempt at outside edge, and inas- 
much as skating round and round an enclosed rink must neces- 
sarily become monotonous, roller skating is voted slow and not 
to be compared with ice skating, but this is due to skaters them- 
selves and can be avoided by a determined effort to master the 
full details of intricate roller skating. 

The pleasure of roller skating only begins where these critics 
le.ave off. It is seldom that figure skaters on ice attempt their 




DOUBLE DUTCH CROSS ROLL. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. U 

ice movements on rollers. The skaters are disgusted that they 
are unable at once to do on the rollers what they have been 
accustomed to accomplish on ice, because they attempt figures 
and turns identically the same way, forgetting that with the 
ice blade they have a universal pivot on which they can turn, 
while the pivot of the roller skate is confined to one or two fixed 
points, the toe and the heel. Secondly, finding a greater diffi- 
culty than they expected, they will not take the trouble of puz- 
zling out for themselves the difference between the two instru- 
ments. 

The climax of pleasure derived from figure skating is reached 
when figures are skated in combination with others, and hitherto, 
this, the greatest pleasure in ice skating, has been entirely over- 
looked when using the rollers. With well-fitted skates and a 
good floor, all the club figures can be done as well as on ice. 
The pleasure derived from skating on rollers should be, and Is to 
the proficient, identical with ice; the motion is practically the 
same and the pace equal, or even greater, if the skates are fitted 
with ball bearings, and the exercise, as an exercise, especially for 
ladies, is unrivalled. It is graceful, health-giving and inexpensive, 
but hitherto there has been no standard of excellence. Combined 
figures have hardly ever been tried, consequently there has been 
none of that assiduous practice seen on the ice leading up to such 
excellence as will enable the skater to do his or her part in a 
combined figure. Stripped of all surroundings, the fascination 
of gliding on skates is fifty times greater than the fascination of 
dancing, and yet without system or combination dancing would 
cease to exist. The same applies to roller skating. 

There are many social and physical difficulties to be overcome 
before combined skating on rollers becomes actually popular; 
and to take the social difficulty as being the greater first : With 
the roller skating revived the mania has become so great that 
everything must give way to the craving to indulge in the pas- 
time. By many, skating is indulged in twice a day every day in 
the week. The usual barriers that divide people of different 
social position meeting together in the same place of public 




u 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 13 

resort are thrown to the winds. Ladies who under ordinary 
circumstances would resent the proffered assistance of a stranger 
as an impertinence, in their desire to attain the swan-Hke move- 
ment, accept it with gratitude; and hence undesirable acquaint- 
ances are sometimes formed. There is no reason why the rink 
should be tabooed on this account, as it is a comparatively easy 
matter to adjust this feature. Certain mornings are set apart 
in many of the rinks for private practice. Many beginners take 
advantage of this opportunity to become sufficiently proficient 
before attempting to skate in a public rink, and thus avoid the 
sometimes objectionable necessity of inviting assistance by this 
obvious helplessness, and rink parties will thereby become more 
popular and healthgiving. 

With regard to the physical difficulties attending roller skating, 
there are many things which will tend to materially overcome 
them. The selection of skates is naturally the first thing to 
attend to. Skates should be chosen of a length rather shorter 
than the foot, as the approximation of the toe and heel wheels, 
by bringing the available pivots nearer together, enables turns to 
be made with greater facility. The wheels should run freely 
and true on the axles and should be carefully fitted to the 
hangers, so that little or no lateral play exists. The hangers 
should not be screwed too tight to the plates ; if they are suf- 
ficiently tight they will be found to aid the skater, while other- 
wise they will act as an impediment. The difference between 
skating on bad or worn-out skates and a good pair is very 
marked. 

With roller skates the charm of skating rapidly-executed move- 
ments cannot be compared favorably with the same movements 
on ice, because the balance has to be shifted, not an inch or two 
as on ice blades, but to one or the other of the two fixed pivots 
at the extremity of the skate ; but in all ordinary movements, 
where the charm does not consist in extreme rapidity, skating 
affords the same pleasure, whether on ice or rollers. 

The difference of friction of roller skates on a good floor and 
ice skates on ice is hardly perceptible, so long as curves, without 




FIGURE 1„ 
HOW TO STOP SKATING BACKWARDS. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. Ifi 

the intervention of turns, are made with the roller skate. On a 
good floor roller skates fitted with ball bearings are faster than 
ice skates on ice. When turns are imparted, as they have to be 
done on a single set of rollers, great weight is placed on the 
axles of the wheels, and considerable friction is set up. The 
ease and speed with which some skaters perform curves arises 
from the proper adjustment of the balance, so as to cause the 
weight of the body to be equally divided between the front and 
rear wheels. 

The smallest inclination of the footstock to the right or left 
causes the axles of the wheels to converge, so as to run the 
skate in a curve to the right or left. A slight inclination to the 
right when poised on the right foot, or to the left when poised 
on the left foot (and this inclination can be obtained by bring- 
ing forward the left shoulder, when on the right foot, and vice 
versa), and the skater is at once placed on what corresponds to 
the outside edge in ice skating. This is therefore much easier 
to attain on roller than on ice skates, as instead of having, as 
on ice, to lean over to "catch" the edge, the skater, who is in 
fact balanced on a greased wire, can by the slightest inclination 
to the right or left produce the portion of a large circle, and by 
a greater inclination the portion of a smaller circle either to 
right or left. 

To attain the "swan-like" motion it Is necessary that the 
curves should be a true curve from start to finish — the true seg- 
ment of a circle, whether large or small; and this can only be 
attained by placing the foot which Is about to describe a curve 
parallel with the foot that has just finished a curve; for instance, 
the left foot at the end of a curve made by the right must be 
placed parallel to it, and vice versa, and so allowing the body 
gradually to take the inclination, and the skate the consequent 
curve in the opposite direction. 

Ninety-nine skaters out of a hundred after making a curve to 
the right with the right foot throw the balance abruptly onto 
the left, which Is usually placed at right angles to the right, and 
this has the effect of entirely destroying the grace and swing 
which should be characteristic of the outside edge. 




FIGURE 2. 
DUTCH OR CROSS ROLL. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 17 

Ladies especially, urless properly taught, almost invariably 
adopt the wrong method, which, when once acquired, is most 
difficult to eradicate. The best way to correct the fault is to take 
the pupil's hands sideways and start going from south towards 
the north on a curve with the right foot; at the end of a curve 
consisting of a half-circle the skater's foot will be pointing in a 
northeasterly direction ; the toe of the left foot should be turned 
in sufficiently to enable it to be placed parallel to the right, and 
the new curve on the left continued in a northeasterly direction, 
gradually coming round to north, and finishing the half-circle 
with the toe pointing northwest. Two circles complete should 
be marked on the floor and the pupil set to follow the curves. 
To make the circles opposite each other it will be necessary to 
place the feet parallel when striking from one foot to the other ; 
and this is most excellent practice, but it cannot be easily sus- 
tained on rollers, unless the body is so poised as to distribute its 
weight equally on both the toe and the heel set of wheels. When 
the outside edge is properly skated with true half-circles, the 
knee braced up, and the body erect, it is as fascinating on a well- 
fitted pair of roller skates as it is with ice skates on ice ; and so 
far as gracefulness is concerned it is seldom that a person will 
. skate on outside edge on ice with anything like the grace im- 
parted to the same movement on rollers. 

The same rules as to the parallelism of the feet when taking 
the stroke apply equally to the outside edge backwards, and the 
tendency to go off at right angles with the succeeding stroke 
being even greater backwards than forwards. When four per- 
sons can with certainty skate eights by making a whole circle 
on either foot, it is competent for them to skate a combined 
figure — an elementary one it is true, but still a combination that 
requires to make it successful, attention to time and truth of 
curves. 

A half-circle is skated on the right foot and at the moment 
of the desired change the left shoulder is thrown back and the 
left foot suddenly turned out, so that the toes of either foot are 
pointing in opposite directions, placed in the rear of, and parallel 




FIGURE 3. 
PIVOT CIRCLING, THE START. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC .LIBRARY. 19 

to, the right, and the other half of the circle on ihc outside back 
of the left is completed. The right is now put down by crossing 
the feet behind and a half-circle skated, when the feet are again 
''spread-eagled" and the left put down in front of and parallel 
to the right and the half-circle on the left outside forward con- 
tinued to the center. On ice this is an extremely difficult move- 
ment to most men, as so few are able to turn out their feet 
"spread-eagle fashion" so as to describe a curve, the center of 
which is at the back of a skater, as this must be done without 
any assistance from the hold of the skate on the ice ; but with 
the rollers a skater has only to place the skate in the desired 
position and lean backwards, when the w'hecls will so long as 
the inclination is sustained hold his feet, as it were, and compel 
them to describe a circle. 

Having mastered the difficulty of the four edges, it now be- 
comes necessary to acquire the turns which will enable the skater 
to blend the different edges together. In making the turns it is 
absolutely necessary that the body should turn the feet ; that is 
to say, the body must be swung around in the desired direction 
before an attempt is made to alter the direction of the foot. 
The fault of every beginner, both on ice and on rollers, is that 
in attempting a turn, his whole attention is directed, not to the 
change of balance that will ensue on the turn being made, but 
to the foot that is to make the turn ; and even if by means of a 
violent wrench its direction be changed, yet the subsequent curve 
cannot be sustained, for the balance remains as before the 
attempted turn. 

In all turns other than rocker and counter turns the inclina- 
tion of the body is in the same direction after as before the turn, 
but as a turn alters the direction of going, so the edges (except 
in rockers and counters) are always altered from in to outside 
or from out to inside, and this necessitates an alteration of the 
balance, so that unless the body be so turned at the moment of 
change as to enable it to accommodate itself to the new balance, 
the movement ends with the turn, as the position of the body 
requisite for the resulting curves taking place is such as renders 
the curve impossible. 




FIGURE 4. 
CHOCTAW CROSS. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 21 

The turn on the roller skates is much more difficult than on 
the ice skates, because the turning must be done on one of two 
field pivots, the toe or the heel ; but this is not the only difficulty, 
as the forward portion of the ice blade is also used for making 
forward turns and the heel portion back turns ; but on the ice 
the cutting edge of the skate prevents a slip backwards or for- 
wards ; with the rollers, unless the body be, at the moment of 
the change, correctly poised over the pivot, a slip may take place 
either forwards or backwards. Another difficulty to beginners 
is that during the moment of the turn taking place they (if a 
forward turn is to be made) so lean forward as to throw the 
weight of the body almost entirely on the front wheels, and this 
causes such a friction on the axles that no impetus is left to con- 
tinue the resulting curve. 

In making the turn the skater raises the heel by poising on the 
toe. This poising on the toe is instantaneous, and if the body 
be properly turned before raising the heel the foot follows the 
rotation without an}' eflfort. As soon as the turn is effected, the 
unemployed foot, which up to this time should have been kept 
behind the other, is brought up, and the toe turned slightly out, 
and the skater's face turned in the direction of the left shoulder, 
both of which actions tend to keep back the left shoulder and so 
enable the curve to be made large. In consequence of the rota- 
tion given to the body by the turn, most skaters find a great 
difficulty in striking direct from the tail of a three on one foot 
to the commencing curve of outside edge on the other, but the 
keeping back of the shoulder corresponding to the unemployed 
foot is the means of conquering this difficulty. The turns from 
a forward to a backward direction are done on the front pair 
of wheels, and from a back to a forward direction on the rear 
pair of wheels — at least this is the easy and natural way of doing 
them; but with a great deal of practice the turn from a back to 
a forward edge can also be skated on the toe. 

The Q figures are capital practice, embracing as they do a 
change of edge and turn, and they can be alternated by means of 
a cross roll. One example will illustrate the point. Start on 




FIGURE 5. 
PLAIN INSIDE TOE SPIN- 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 28 

a curve of outside forward, change to inside forward, and turn 
to outside back. Then cross the other foot as in the back cross 
roll, continue the half-circle, change to inside back, and then 
turn to outside forward, when the feet can be crossed as in the 
forward cross roll, and the movement repeated; if the turn from 
inside back to outside forward be done on toe wheels the effect 
is similar to the same movement on ice. 

One-foot eights, i.e., eights composed of a circle of outside 
and a circle of inside on the same foot joined by a change of 
edga are difficult on rollers until the balance of the skater is so 
perfect that tthe swaying of the body in making the curves ancf 
changes of edge does not place the weight of the body more on 
one set of wheels than the other. In commencing the practice 
of one- foot eights the skater should not attempt to make whole 
circles, but should begin with a change of edge in a serpentine 
line, gradually approximating the curves to whole circles of out- 
side and inside edge. As a stepping stone to a perfect one-foot 
eight a complete circle may be skated on the outside edge, the 
change effected, and a half-circle of inside, and then by changing 
the edge again a w-hole circle of outside and so on skated ; and 
again this may with advantage be varied by making the whole 
circles of inside and the half-circle of outside edge. The first 
of these forms of serpentine lines can be skated on one foot, and 
continued on the other by joining the two by means of the for- 
ward or back cross roll. 

When a serpentine composed of curves or half-circles can be 
sustained indefinitely on either foot, a curious movement known 
as "the reverse on to Richmond" can be skated in a straight line 
and subsequently in the form of an eight. The movement 
appears curious from the skater's feet being placed one behind 
the other, as though he would go backwards, instead of which 
he advances in a forward direction. A change of either foot is 
necessary to enable the skater to continue the movement, either 
in a line or in the form of an eight. Again, as the impetus 
derived from a change of edge is greater in changing from an in 
to an out than from an out to an inside edge, the foot that takes 




FIGURE 6. 
PIVOT CIRCLING. THE FINISH. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 26 

Up the movement is placed behind the other on the inside edge. 
For instance, start on a curve of inside edge, say on the right, 
and when half a circle is completed change the edge and half 
a circle of outside; then place the left foot behind and outside 
of the right (which is taken up) on a curve of inside edge 
corresponding in direction with the curve just finished by the 
right, and when a half-circle or less has been completed, change 
to the outside, and so on. It is not an easy movement to accom- 
plish even in its simplest form of serpentine lines, but becomes « 
really difficult when skated in form of an eight, the eight is in 
fact a one-foot eight cut in two, half being done with the right 
foot and half with the left. 

The two-foot eight, which is similar in character to the one- 
foot eight, viz., two whole circles joined by a change of edge, is 
a very pretty figure on roller skates. The feet are placed in a 
line, the toe of one foot almost touching the heel of the other, 
and to be effective the feet must "track," and herein lies one of 
the difficulties. It is easy enough to cause the feet to "track" 
while making the circles, but at the change of edge the feet are 
apt to get out of line, as both feet being employed, the change 
of edge becomes more difficult, and can only be obtained by 
swaying the body from the hips upwards in the direction of the 
desired curve. In one-foot eights the swinging backwards and 
forwards of the unemployed leg at the moment of change assists 
the skater materially, but with the two-foot eights the balance is 
shifted entirely by the body. To learn the movement a serpen- 
tine line should be tried, gradually getting the curves more into 
the shape of circles. When the skater is perfect in two-foot 
eights, both forward and backward, they can be joined in the 
following manner: Supposing the right foot to lead, and a 
circle with the right foot on the outside and the left on the 
inside to be made, the skater keeping the feet in the same posi- 
tion throws back his left shoulder and by a "rocker" on either 
foot turns backwards ; the left foot will now be leading on the 
inside and the right following on the outside backwards. The 
whole circle having become completed, the right foot is brought 




FIGURE 7. 
SPREAD EAGLE MOVEMENT. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 27 

Up parallel to and outside the left aud flipped back with the half 
turn of the Philadelphia twist, and as this brings the feet into 
the position at starting, viz., the right foot leading and the left 
following, the eight can be repeated. 

Another but more difficult method of change is to start as 
before, and arrived at the center, the skater throws back his 
right shoulder and turns backward, with the common three onto 
the right and the reverse three onto the left, but the feet being 
in line, the turn is very difficult. The left foot will now be 
leading on the outside and the right following on the inside 
edge. The whole circle completed, the edge should be changed 
and the right completed, when the skater can again turn forward 
with the half turn of the Philadelphia twist. If two or three 
eights are skated in a forward direction, then a turn is effected, 
and two or three skated backwards the effect is very pretty and 
very puzzling to the onlooker, as, if the body be properly 
swayed from the hips the whole is done without apparently the 
slightest effort, and no stroke being made, the puzzle is where 
the motive power comes from. A spin (a description of which 
will be given later) of three or four revolutions inserted between 
the circles at the change of edge is also very effective. 

With the foregoing movements accomplished, skating combina- 
tion should follow. Given good skates, a good fioor and suf- 
ficient space, and all the club figures can be skated on rollers as 
well as on ice. The same difficulties that occur on ice will be 
encountered on rollers, and it will be found that before any 
degree of efficiency is attained, no matter how great the indi- 
vidual skill of the respective skaters, great practice together is 
necessary, and this necessity of combined practice is a source of 
endless amusement. 

The skating of loops on rollers, as on ice, seems to fascinate 
the novice in figure skating. It is not an unusual thing to see a 
yoimgster putting himself into the most frightful contortions in 
the vain attempt to accomplish a loop, and this mania usually 
seizes him long before he has the faintest idea of how to skate 
the most ordinary figures. 




FIGURE 8. 
CORRECT POSITION TO ASSUME WHEN FALLING BACKWARDS. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 29 

The loops which arc skated most easily on rollers arc those 
from the inside back and inside forward. The inside back loop 
is usually skated at the end of a three, and it comes easier then, 
inasmuch as the body has received a certain rotation from the 
turn in the three itself; it is done on the toe, and in the move- 
ment of doing it the unemployed leg is swung in the direction and 
in advance of the rotation of the body. The skater must, in fact, 
execute a movement similar to the movement of an expiring 
swimming top, keeping the body very erect, swinging the unem- 
ployed leg well to the front, and last, but not least, constant 
practice is the means by which loops may be gradually acquired. 
One of the difficulties to overcome is the ability of continuing 
the curve after the loop has been made, and this arises from the 
ankle being frequently bent in one direction, and so settling the 
w^heels as to cause the skate to strike a curve in that direction, 
while the true balance of the body is in the opposite direction. 
The three-and loop, skated on either foot alternately and in a 
line, is an effective figure and very difficult, as the loops have 
to be so accurately made to insure the direction being continued. 
The inside loop backw^ards is also effective when done at the 
end of a series of interlaced forward and backward Q's. 

To skate the loop from the inside edge forward, describe a 
short curve of outside edge forward and change the edge, at the 
same time bringing the unemployed leg in front of and well 
across the other. The unemployed leg is then swung round 
behind the other, the toe of which is raised and the loop skated 
on the heel, although some skaters prefer to skate this loop on 
the toe, when of course the heel is raised. If the rotation of 
the body be continued and the balance be true, a pirouette con- 
sisting of one or more revolutions can be effected, but then the 
movement loses the character of the loop and becomes a one- foot 
pirouette or spin. The rotation is imparted by the swing of 
the unemployed foot, which is swung out and carried behind the 
other; and the body, from the hips upward is turned in the 
direction of the proposed rotation before the foot is allowed 
to move; the toe is then lifted and the pirouette on the heel or 
toe is the result. 




FIGURE 9. 
PHILADELPHIA TWIST. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 31 

In skating an outs'de loop on the left foot the right shoulder 
corresponds to the outer flank of the cavalry line and brings the 
body round with tremendous velocity, and, if everything be right 
with the pivot all will go well, but if the body is not correctly 
poised a nasty fall ensues, as there is no chance of saving one's 
self. But the very danger that accompanies it makes the outside 
loop fascinating. 

Without forming loops, if the same tactics as above be pur-, 
sued and (after the first swinging forward of the shoulder and 
the unemployed leg for the purpose of obtaining rotation) the 
body be kept erect, a pirouette of several revolutions may be 
effected. 

In the same w^ay a whole revolution can be made on the toe 
in the middle of each circle of the cross roll eight. The difficulty 
here is to check the rotation when a whole revolution has been 
made. Unless the body be correctly poised at the moment of 
swinging round, the foot will describe a cusp and a loop and the 
skater will then be placed on the inside edge backwards, which 
renders the forward cross roll impossible. If, therefore, the 
skater cannot manage the forward loop, he must arrange his 
balance so as to insure a pirouette (i.e., one whole revolution in 
the same place) so that after the revolution the interrupted curve 
of outside edge may be continued. 

The difference between a loop and a one-foot spin is exactly 
exemplified by the motion of an expiring spinning top and a 
top spinning at full speed. In pirouetting or spinning, therefore, 
the body of the skater must be as upright as possible and cor- 
rectly poised over the center of gravity, and the leg which was 
swung out to impart rotation must be brought alongside of the 
other. The easiest way to learn a one-foot spin on the toe — say 
on the left foot — is by commencing with a curve of outside with 
the right and changing to inside edge, at the same time putting 
down the left toe in the center of the circle being described by 
the right. When the skater feels himself balanced on the toe 
he should rise on It and take up the right. The arms should be 
thrown out at right angles to the body the moment when the 




FIGURE 10. 
HEEL AND TOE SPLIT, 



SPALDINCrS ATIILKTIC LIKKAKY. C3 

right foot is circling round the lefl ; Init Ihcy should be brought 
to the side as soon as the skater is balanced on the toe. The 
toe pirouette is a capital introduction to the pirouette, using 
both feet, as it begins in the same way, only instead of taking 
up the right foot, the toe only is raised, and the skater revolves 
on the toe of the left and the heel of the right foot. 

The rotation is given by the right foot circling round 
the left and the swing of the arms (which should at the start 
be at right angles with the body) in the direction of the de- 
sired rotation. The arms should be kept very stiff and rigid 
and gradually pressed close to the body. The movement is one 
of extreme difficulty, as the base is always shifting and it re- 
quires an immense amount of practice before it can be skated 
with anything like certainty. Fifteen revolutions is considered 
a moderately good spin, but some skaters manage as many as 
thirty revolutions. To look well the movement should be done 
with the feet rather close together and the skater should remain 
on the same spot. 

Even to those skaters who are able to execute grapevines on 
ice, the same movements on rollers present many difficulties, 
though it will be satisfactory to those who cannot skate grape- 
vines on ice to learn that the power of skating them on rollers 
renders their acquisition on ice very easy. The constant shift- 
ing of the balance from toe to heel which is necessary in the 
rapid changes is very puzzling, but before attempting the grape- 
vine the beginner should master the various movements that 
are used in skating this complicated figure. These are the chain 
step forwards and backwards, the serpentine line on both feet 
forwards and backwards with the feet tracking and single turns 
on either foot. 

When the skater is thoroughly familiar with these movements 
he should begin the single grapevine by allowing the right foot 
to pass in front of the left with the movement of the chain 
step when the right shoulder should be thrown back and a turn 
to right made by means of a common 3 on the right and the 
reverse 3 on the left foot, the turn to the right foot being half a 




FIGURE 11. 
RIDING THE PONY. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 86 

second in advance of the left. Up to this point the movement 
is perfectly simple, tlie turn on either foot has brought the 
skater's body round half a circle and he is going backwards on 
a curve to the left with right foot leading. When this curve 
has been sustained a short distance the balance of the body has 
to be shifted and the feet being retained in the same position 
(that is with the right leading) a curve has to be made to the 
right and the left foot allowed precedence of the right by grad- 
ually circling round it. The right shoulder has now to be 
brought forward and the right foot turned inwards on a curve 
of inside forwards. At this movement the feet are at right 
angles to each other, with the toes pointing inwards ; but this 
awkward position is soon relieved by the left following the 
right on a curve of outside forwards, and this turning from for- 
wards to backwards by half revolutions with the intermediate 
curves is what constitutes the grapevine. As some people have 
a difficulty in turning the toes in so that the feet are at right 
angles to each other it is well to begin practicing the grapevine 
by carefully turning the toes in towards the inside of the waist 
of the feet. 

When the grapevine has been acquired, starting with the right 
foot in front, it should be learned starting with the left foot 
in front and making the first turn to the left and when this is 
accomplished the double grapevine can be tried. 

The Philadelphia grapevine is usually skated backwards. With 
feet apart the skater starts with the chain step backwards, and 
allows the right to pass in front of and outside the left, the legs 
being thus crossed and the two feet parallel to each other, with 
the outsides of either foot in proximity. From this position 
the toe of the right and the heel of the left are slightly raised, 
and the right foot is flipped back with a sudden jerk to the 
right on a curve of outside forw^ards, the left following on a 
curve of inside forwards. This brings the skater round half 
the circle, and the feet become disengaged, and the subsequent 
turn brings the skater to the position he started with, but with 
the right foot leading and this enables the left to be brought 




FIGURE 12. 
POSITION OF THE FEET WHEN TURNING A CORNER. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 87 

across, outside of and parallel to the right and flipped back to 
the left and so on. The whole difficulty of the movement con- 
sists of flipping back the outside foot, and this is done by a 
sudden twist of the ankle, the feet being locked while half a 
revolution is being made. 

Skating forward, the Philadelphia is begun as a common grape- 
vine with the chain-step and assuming that the right foot is 
passed in front of the left, the left is brought up outside of and 
parallel to it, and then the heels of both feet being slightly raised, 
the left foot is flipped back to the left on a curve of outside 
back, the right following on a curve of inside back when the 
feet become disengaged and the subsequent turn is skated as 
in the turn from backwards to forwards of the single grape- 
vine. This brings the skater to the original starting position 
but with the left leading, by which the movement can be re- 
peated with the rotation to the left and so on. 

The movement skated forwards is more difficult than when 
done backwards, and not so elegant, as the skater's toes are 
constantly turned in towards each other, instead of out, as in 
the same movement done backwards. 

An eight consisting of outside edge backwards joined by 
means of the first half of the Philadelphia twist, i. e., the half 
revolution with the feet locked, is a very pretty figure. It can 
be accomplished by the skater making a whole circle on the 
outside back with, say the right foot when he places the left 
behind, outside of and parallel to the right, and with the feet 
thus locked he makes half a revolution to the right, and taking 
up the right skates the other circle of the eight with the left. 
The movement is in fact a back eight, with the circles tied to- 
gether with the Philadelphia twist. 

There is a variation of the Philadelphia named the Philadelphia 
spread eagle grape-vine. It is begun as the Philadelphia start- 
ing backwards; the right foot is flipped back as in that move^ 
ment, but when a half revolution has been made the rotation 
is stopped by the left, which has followed the right on a curve 
of inside forwards, being turned to inside back thus placing 




FIGURE 13. 
HOW TO STOP SKATING FORWARD. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 89 

the feet in spread eagle fashion. When this has been sustained 
for about a yard, the right is turned to outside back, and the 
left immediately crosses it and takes up its position outside 
of and parallel to it, when the movement is repeated with the 
rotation to the lef;. 

The Pennsylvania grape-vine is begun as in the Philadelphia, 
but instead of makino:, as in the latter, one half or whole revo- 
lution with the feet locked and the other half with them dis- 
engaged, the feet are locked and a whole revolution made with 
them in that position. For instance, taking the movement as 
skated forwards, assuming that the right foot is passed in front of 
the left with the chain step which begins the movement, the left 
is brought up outside of and parallel to it and, when thus locked, 
the toe of the right foot and the heel of the left are raised and 
the body swung round a whole revolution to the right on these 
two pivots ; the feet are now disengaged and the right passed 
behind outside of and parallel to the left and the revolution 
made to the left and so on. It is an extremely difficult move- 
ment, but both the difficulty and danger are minimi;^ed by at- 
tempting it at a fairly quick pace rather than slowly, as the 
quicker the revolution is made the quicker the feet get out of 
the dangerous position of being locked together. In skating the 
Pennsylvania backwards the pivots are reversed, the loop be- 
tween the cups being made with the toe. The grapevines can 
be skated equally well either on ice or rollers ; but the following 
species of grapevine being skated on toes only is peculiar to 
the rollers. 

The skater rises on the toes, and with the chain step passes the 
right in front of the left and, turning to the right, allows the 
left to circle round it, the two feet describing two loops. When 
the skater has described half a revolution the position of the 
feet will be similar to the position when skating the Pennsyl- 
vania, viz. : the right will be across the left and the outsides of 
the feet in proximity (except, of course, that the skater is all 
the time on the toes only). Resting the whole weight of the 
body on the right foot, the left continues to circle round it 




FIGURE 14„ 
CORRECT POSITION OF FEET WHEN STARTING. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 41 

until a whole revolution is made and the feet become disen- 
gaged, the result being that a small loop is formed with the 
right foot and a larger one with the left. 

Any skater that will take the trouble to make himself a good 
figure skater on rollers will without doubt take his place as a 
tirst-class figure skater on ice. There is a good deal of persistent 
drudgery to go through before sufficient skill is acquired to 
render figure skating on rollers a real pleasure, but the holding 
to one movement till it is conquered will of itself create in- 
terest, and give encouragement to attempt other and greater 
difficulties. 




FIGURE A. 
HAND IN HAND. FORWARD MOVEMENT. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



I 



(r ^ ^ 

Fancy Skating 

SINGLE MOVEMENTS. 

Roller skating is a pastime, and becomes to the intelligent 
man an intellectual as well as a sensitive or bodily treat, from its 
exemplifying the laws of motion. It is the art of balancing the 
body and propelling it by the action of the feet when fitted with 
a pair of skates which enables the skillful wearer to travel 
backwards and forwards at a slow or rapid velocity or to de- 
scribe a variety of arcs, circles, spirals, serpentine and other 
figures in either direction and either singly or in combination 
with other skaters. The art when thus highly elaborated is 
called "figure skating" or ''figuring," for the reason that it is 
the elevated branch of the pastime. The good skater fre- 
quently realizes how deficient he or she is in that accuracy of 
movement which is the test of his really possessing the com- 
mand of their skates, and by constant application a polish and 
finish is attained which enables the skater to overcome greater 
difficulties on the rollers. There are certain characteristics i. 
each skater partaking most strongly of the temperament of man. 
All cannot be gifted with the "poetry of motion" which imparts 
grace and finish. Those who are fortunate possessors of it will 
certainly find the path to success a shorter one than those who 
lack it. But the latter must redouble their efforts to try what 
careful practice will do in eradicating anything that is un- 
gainly, inelegant and awkward. 

Fancy skating carries the skater from the simple to the most 
difficult and complex figures upon a systematic plan, which, when 
carried to a degree of perfection not only enhances the pleasure 
of the pastime for the skater, but provides a good entertainment 
for the spectators. A common error among those ambitious to 
become proficient in fancy skating is to become discouraged too 
soon. A beginner often works hard at a particular figure for sev- 




FIGURE B. 
HAND IN HAND. FACE TO FACE. DUTCH OR CROSS ROLL. 



SPALI)IN(rS ATHLKTIC LIKRAUY. 46 

eral hours and on leaving off seems to have made little progress, 
but the real practice is sure to have shown results, and on the 
following day the skater will find the figure that yesterday seemed 
impossible come with the greatest ease. To master the details 
of all the fancy skating figures is a moral as well as physical 
impossibility, a-nd for the purpose of illustrating some of the 
most simple as well as graceful figures only those that are com- 
paratively easy of accomplishment, yet graceful, are used. If 
the skater can execute the below-mentioned movements with 
accuracy, grace and skill innumerable other movements and fig- 
ures will present themselves. 

The first and most important of all figure skating is the Dutch 
or cross roll (Fig. 2). The movement receives its name from 
its resemblance to the rolling of a hoop or coin or loose wheel, 
also the rolling of a ship in a sea. To effect this, impetus may be 
obtained by inside forward strokes, the turn on both feet to back- 
wards and a few back strokes ; then let the skater continue with 
both feet, running in the parallel curves of a very large circle, 
and practice the art of easing off the weight of the body from 
the foot that is on the larger curve (the outer), until it can 
gradually be lifted from the floor. Impetus must be sustained b}' 
occasional strokes of the same foot or, if more convenient, a 
fresh start made. The sustaining power of the centrifugal force 
can be experienced by turning the foot that is describing the 
outside a little more in the menter so as to make somewhat sud- 
denly a smaller curve ; this will immediately give the skater a 
practical proof of the certainty of such movement, restoring the 
balance if in danger of being lost. Having thus far acquired the 
edge, the alternate large curves should be struck in the side- 
ways attitude next, the circles which make the fourth 8. The 
closing practice should be the swift run forward, the turn on 
both feet to backward, and the immense spiral to a state of rest 
without touching the floor with the unemployed foot. 1"his 
will test the attainments of the learner in outside backwards 
which on the large scale is a very fine and bold movement, and. 
moreover, a safe edge to be on at the highest velocity. It nuist 




FIGURE D. 
CORRECT POSITION FOR WALTZING. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIRRARY. 4t 

not be forgotten that the weight of the hody shoiihl 1k' on the 
toe part of the skates in forward edges and on the heel in back 
edges. Want of nerve in throwing the weight of the body well 
on to the heel is the cause of the great difficulty that is ex- 
perienced in learning the back edges. 'Ihe feet and legs in 
the cross outside forward or backward are crossed in the act 
of striking. Therefore everything takes place on the outside 
edge, and to compensate for the unusual and somewhat dis- 
advantageous position of the feet and the less vigorous impulse 
obtainable it is necessary to make the utmost use of the weight 
and momentum of the body. When this is done the impulse 
is very considerably increased. The hitherto unemployed leg 
must be gently and evenlv swung round the employed one in 
such a manner that it arrives exactly at the proper time and 
angle to be put down, and so become the traveling one. 

With this movement accomplished, which is the most difficult, 
and keystone of the others, the following advice and suggestions 
will be found of assistance. Many skaters are at a loss to know 
what to do wdien, skating backwards, they desire to stop. The 
movement is a simple one (Fig. i). Balance on one foot, swing- 
ing the other to the rear, raising the heel of the rear skate and 
permitting the toe to drag along the floor. This will be found 
advantageous in all fancy figures. 

Pivot circling, outside edge (Figs. 3 and 6). When skating 
take an outside edge circle with either foot. The unemployed 
foot should swing on the circle until the toe touches the floor, 
continuing to circle until the body comes to a stop. 

Choctaw movement. The skater goes from the outside foot 
forward of one foot to the inside back of the other (Fig. 4). 
The eft'ort of swinging the body round sufficiently to place down 
the foot in proper position for taking the new edge necessi- 
tates a jump while the feet are in the ungainly position of being 
turned in. 

Plain toe movement spins, inside, are done by letting the 
two feet run about thirty inches apart (Fig. 5), then turn the 
toes slightly in, drawing the feet suddenly together, and throw- 



4g SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

mg the head and shoulders in the direction desired. The bod> 
must be erect and the hands at the side to look well. This 
cannot be a good spin without twelve or fourteen revolutions. 

Spread Eagle. The straightened knee is as necessary to im- 
part grace to the spread eagle as it is to any other figure, but 
the straightening of the knee renders the acquisition of the 
necessary position most difficult and can only be acquired by 
long practice. The best method of obtaining impetus is by the 
ordinary run forward, the feet are then placed in a direct line, 
the heels close together and the toes turned in opposite direc- 
tions. Assuming the body to be erect and the skater able to 
hold the feet in this position and proceed in a straight line, it 
being necessary that the feet be kept in position by muscular 
exertion alone (Fig. 7). It is quite possible to finish the move- 
ment by slowly drawing one foot in front of the other in a 
straight line, so that the toes instead of the heels are facing each 
other. By leaning slightly forward when the feet are in spread- 
eagle position, the skater will be thrown onto the inside edge and 
a curve instead of a straight line will be the result. In this 
case the feet will not, of course, be quite in a straight line. 
At the same time leaning backwards a curve on the outside edge 
can be attained and the serpentine line formed by the combination 
of the outside and inside curves. Spread-eagle fashion is very 
pretty and is known as the "Spread Eagle Wave." 

Philadelphia Twist. The single grape-vine movement is fol- 
lowed by allowing the right foot to pass in front of the left 
with the movement of the chain step, when the right shoulder 
should be thrown back and a turn to the right (Fig. 9) made by 
means of a common 3 on the right and the reverse 3 on the left 
foot, the turn to the right being half a second in advance of the 
left. The turn on either foot brings the skater's body round half 
a circle. When this curve has been sustained a short distance 
the balance of the body has to be shifted, and the feet being 
retained in the same position (that is, with the right foot lead- 
ing) a curve has to be made to the right and the left foot 
allowed to take precedence of the right by gradually circling 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 49 

round it. At this moment the feet arc at right angles to (.-ach 
other with the toes pointing inwards. But this awkward posi- 
tion is soon relieved by the left following the right on a curve 
of outside forwards and this turning from forwards to back- 
wards by half revolutions with intermediate curves is what 
constitutes the grape-vine. 

Heel-and-toe Split. In skating forward the weight of the 
body should be thrown on the heel of one foot and the toe of 
the other (Fig. lo), keeping the feet apart. This can be ac- 
complished in both the straight and serpentine movements. 

Riding the Pony, A favorite trick of the boys and those 
fairly advanced in fancy skating. After securing a good momen- 
tum allow the weight of the body to rest on one foot and bend 
to a sitting position, with the other leg extended to full length 
(Fig. II ). This can be accomplished in plain forward movement 
or in large serpentine curves. 

Turning a Corner, In approaching the curve, the skater being 
on the left foot (Fig. 12), outside edge forward, the right foot 
is brought forward and placed in front of the left, the weight 
of the body being shifted to the right foot simultaneously. 

To stop in forward movement. The correct position of the 
feet in stopping when skating forward is to allow the weight 
of the body to rest on one foot, place the unemployed foot be- 
hind the one employed, in a right angle position (Fig. 13), 
allowing the wheels to drag in this position until the skater has 
come to a stop. 

Position for starters. Take a short step or glide forward, 
at the same time permitting the weight of the body to shift to 
the foot in the forwa'-d position. Continue the movement from 
right to left and vice versa (Fig. 14), until the plain outside edge 
roll forward is mastered. 

DOUBLE MOVEMENTS. 
Hand-in-hand forward movement. The man takes his posi- 
tion on the left of his partner when starting the figure on the 
right foot, taking her left hand in his right or holding her right 



50 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

hand in his right and her left in his left (Fig. A), the joined 
hands being underneath the left hands. It is essential that the 
outside skater, i.e., the one to the left when on an outside of the 
right leg, and vice versa when on an outside of the left, should 
just previous to a turn being made be in advance. The stronger 
skater should be on the outside, as he with greater power will 
more readily shoot ahead just previous to a turn. When turns 
made from an inside forward on the right, the left-hand skater 
must previous to the turn be behind his partner, and the right- 
hand skater behind his partner when on the left leg. 

Hand in Hand, Face to Face. — The hands should be held in 
a natural way, viz., the nnan standing face to face with his part- 
ner's left hand in his right and vice versa (Fig. B). The sim- 
plest of the figures is the forward and back roll in which the 
lady executes the forward cross roll starting with the left, and 
after this has been practiced some time, the lady may substitute 
a turn for a stroke of outside forward, which will have the effect 
of reversing the order of going. 

Waltz Movement. — There is very little difference between this 
movement and the preceding one. The skaters assume the same 
position as in the ordinary waltz and follow the hand-in-hand 
face-to-face figures. The man should hold firmly (Fig. D) to 
his partner in whirling. 

Hand-in-Hand Mohawk Movement. — Start the movement in 
the first of the double figures, with a firm large outer edge for- 
ward, right foot, flatten the shoulders into the plane of the right 
skate by carrying the left shoulder way back, turn the toes of the 
left feet as far out as possible. By a gentle tilt of the body shift 
the weight from the right foot to the left. The foot will drop in 
position neatly on the proper edge and the movement continued. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 51 

Sports on Roller Skates 



With the revival of roller skating many novel sporting and 
athletic events have been introduced. When skating was in 
vogue nearly two decades ago speed skating formed the only 
real athletic feature, although figure skating was always popular. 
Just as the ball-bearing skate has supplanted the old-fashioned 
skate, so has modern ideas and ingenuity found ways and means 
to provide an ever-exacting public with something new and at- 
tractive. Of all sports and pastimes on roller skates basket ball 
holds first place. It offers greater opportunity for scientific play 
and is fast and exciting. In fact basket ball is a much faster 
game on roller skates than in the ordinary style. This means 
that notwithstanding the difficulties in preserving one's equi- 
librium at all times, the passing, dribbling and goal throwing can 
be made just as fast as the players are expert on the rollers. 
There is no let up in the game, and it is full of exciting plays 
and interesting maneuvers. The liability of accident is minimized 
and with the proper enforcement of rules players who have be- 
come proficient in roller skating should make few if any tumbles. 

Roller polo is too well known to need any special mention. 
Similar to ice hockey and pony polo, it is fast, fascinating and 
entertaining, but requires considerable practice to reach a degree 
of perfection to appeal to the followers of roller skating. Some 
years ago there were several roller polo leagues, but the absence 
of devotees to roller skating was largely instrumental in causing 
the sport to lose favor. With so many members of the various 
athletic clubs throughout the country now enjoying roller skat- 
ing an early revival of the game may confidently be expected. 

Broom ball is another game that appeals to the followers of 
roller skating. It is played under rules similar to that of roller 
polo. Instead of hockey sticks, brooms are used, and a Spalding 
Association foot ball replaces the ball used in polo. There is less 



52 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

liability of accident, but compared with polo it lacks the scientific 
part of the game. Five men play on each side, and the inflated 
leather-covered ball is propelled, or hit, with the birch part of 
the broom. The object is to drive the ball through goal posts 
placed at each end of the hall. 

Push ball on roller skates is amusing rather than scientific, 
and while it afifords untold amusement to the spectators it is of 
little real value to the players from an athletic standpoint. It 
has been played with considerable success and must take its place 
among the new sports and pastimes in the roller skating rink. 

GN'mkhana races have found favor with the present revival 
of roller skating. These consist of a series of obstacle competi- 
tions which bring into play all the athletic faculties of the 
skaters. Gymkhana races are an Indian product, where the 
officers and men of the British Army stationed in that country 
find the ordinary athletic events too strenuous with the ther- 
mometer at 100 degrees in the shade. These consist of crawling 
through barrels and rings of a ladder placed on edge, jumping 
over low hurdles and crawling under netting, or surmounting 
any obstacle which may impede the progress of a contestant. 
These races can be arranged so as to give an entire programme 
of events. 

Among the other sports adapted to roller skating are : Speed 
races, relays, high jumping, long jumping, skating backwards 
and potato races. In addition to these sports ball masques and 
fancy dress competitions may be added to the list of events to 
provide a programme of interesting entertainments. The follow- 
ing is an illustration of programmes that can be varied to suit 
the conditions of the skating rink : 

PROGRAMME I.— ATHLETIC SPORTS. 
Monday— Basket Ball. 
Tuesday — ^Speed Races. 
Wednesday — Roller Polo. 
Thursday — Gymkhana Races. 
Friday — Broom Ball. 
Saturday— Push Ball. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

PROGRAMME II.— MIXED. 
Monday — Basket Ball. 
Tuesday — Ball Masque. 
Wednesday — Speed Races. 
Thursday — Gymkhana and Relay Races. 
Friday — Fancy Dress Competition. 
Saturday — Roller Polo. 



54 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

Rules for Good Form 



The body should be erect, but yielding and kept generally 
square to the front ; but the skater should remember that the 
lines of business are straight while those of pleasure are curves. 
The body, therefore, should be easy and pliable, with no degree 
of stiffness, leaning slightly forward. An air of lightness 
should pervade every motion. 

The head should be carried upright, inclining backward, and 
easy in any position; the skater should always remember the 
important caution : never look down at the feet while skating ! 

The shoulder must be kept slightly back of the breast and 
moderately low, not forced, but easy in the position. 

The legs should not be stiff. Nothing so effectually destroys 
the beauty and gracefulness of the movement as stiffness of 
the lirtibs, and, as it gives a rigidity to the body it is not only 
unbecoming, but materially disadvantageous. 

The knee of the performing leg should be slightly bent. This 
rule is absolute. 

The arms must hang loosely at the side, the elbows slightly 
bent, the hands naturally facing the body, the fingers neither 
imitating the tines of a fork, nor clutched as if with a spasm, 
but a little bent and slightly separated. A position of ease, 
natural, unassumed, and especially devoid of affectation is essen- 
tial. The body should be held naturally erect, yet yielding and 
with the chest well expanded. All the members of the body 
should work In unison, in an easy and pliable manner, with no 
stiffness, and an air of lightness should pervade every motion, 
as a constrained or forced motion destroys harmony, and gives 
pain to the spectators. Whatever position the head is thrown 
into while the skater is executing different movements, it 
should fall into position naturally, never too stiffly. It should 
incline as if by intuition, in a continued, graceful motion, with- 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC! LIBRARY. 65 

out apparent effort or volition. The shoulders stiould always be 
kept well back, not forced, but in position. Stiffness of the 
limbs gives a rigidity to the body which is unbecoming and 
naturally disadvantageous. A pliability of form is absolutely 
necessary to the acquirement of the different movements exe- 
cuted on skates. 

Remember that the head rules the feet. Remember that when 
striking out on any edge you must feel that you are perfectly 
keen on that edge antil it is changed to another. Remember 
that it is allowable to look down at the feet in executing a 
certain figures "to place," but that in cutting figures "in field" 
it is absolutely unnecessary, in fact, detrimental. Remember 
not to skate your movements too hurriedly, as you are not 
skating against time, and speed is certainly the greatest enemy 
of grace. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 




1. The ofificers of a Race Meeting shall be: 
One Referee. 

Three Judges at the finish. 

Three Timekeepers. 

One Scorer, with assistants, if necessary. 

One Clerk of the Course, with assistants, if necessary. 

One Starter. 

Four Parole Judges. 

Two Measurers. 

2. The Referee shall be the executive officer and shall decide 
all points of dispute and infringement of rules. His decision 
shall be final and without appeal. 

3. The Judges at finish shall determine the order of finishing 
of contestants, and shall arrange among themselves as to noting 
the winner, second, third, as the case may be. In case of dis- 
agreement the majority shall decide, and their decision as to 
order of finish shall be final and without appeal. 

4. Each of the three Timekeepers shall time every event. 
Should two of the three watches mark the same time and the 
third disagree, the time marked by the two watches shall be 
accepted. Should all three disagree, the time marked by the in- 
termediate watch shall be accepted. 

The flash of the pistol shall denote the actual time of starting. 
In case only two watches are held on an event, and they fail to 
agree, the longest time of the two shall be accepted. 

For record, however, three watches must be held on an event. 

5. The Scorer shall record the order in which each competitor 
finishes his event, together with the time furnished him by the 
Timekeepers. He shall keep a tally of the laps made by each 
competitor in races covering more than one lap, and shall an- 
nounce by means of a bell, or otherwise, when the leading man 



SPALDlNd'S ATHLETIC LIHUAUY. 57 

enters the last lap. He shall control his assistants, and assign to 
ihem such of his duties as he may deem best. 

6. The Clerk of the Course shall record the name of each 
competitor who shall report to him, shall give him his number 
for each race in which he is entered, and notify him before the 
start of every event in which he is engaged, and see that he is 
placed on his proper mark. 

The assistants shall do such portions of his work as he may 
assign to them. 

7. The Starter shall have entire control of competitors at 
their marks and shall be the sole judge of fact as to whether or 
not any man has gone over his mark. 

His decision in such case shall be final and without appeal. 

All races shall be started by report of pistol, a snap cap shall 
be no report. There shall be no recall after pistol is fired. When 
any competitor shall touch the floor in front of his mark before 
the starting signal is given, it shall be considered a false start. 

Penalties for false starting shall be inflicted by the starter as 
follows : For first ofifense, the competitor shall be put back one 
yard, and another yard for second offense, and for the third 
offense disqualified. 

8. The Patrol Judges shall be stationed at the corners of the 
course, from which places they will watch closely the contestants, 
and if they observe any fouling or irregularity, calling for official 
action, they wnll immediately after the heat or race report the 
same to the Referee. 

9. All track measurements shall be certified by the measurers 
and the measurement of track shall be two feet from the inner 
edge, which edge shall be clearly defined to their satisfaction. 

10. Entries shall not be received, or acknowledged until the 
entry fees are paid in full and accompanied with a registration 
card. 

11. AH entries shall be made upon official entry blanks in the 
real name of applicant, with age and address. 

12. Immediately on arri\al each competitor shall report to the 
Clerk of the Course. 



68 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

13. Each competitor shall be supplied with, and wear during 
each contest, a distinctive number corresponding to his number 
on the programme. 

14. He shall inform himself of the times at which he must 
compete, and will report promptly at the start without waiting 
to be notified. 

15. No attendant shall accompany a competitor on the course. 
Competitors shall draw lots for their respective places on the post 
before leaving the dressing-room. 

16. The contestant that gets the inside place, or pole, has the 
right of way, and can only be passed on the right hand. BUT 
SHOULD SAID PARTY STRAY AWAY FROM THE POLE, 
ANY CONTESTANT IS PRIVILEGED TO PASS ON THE 
LEFT HAND, PROVIDED THAT THERE IS AMPLE 
ROOM. 

17. A contestant winning the pole place is entitled to all its 
rights. 

18. All contestants will invariably pass each other on the right 
hand, except as specified above in capitals. 

19. No consideration or allowance of time will be granted to 
any contestant where they are to blame for any delay or mishap. 

20. Each competitor shall keep in his respective position from 
the start to finish in all races on straightaway tracks, and in all 
races on tracks with one or more turns he shall not cross to the 
inner edge of the track, except when he is at least twelve feet in 
advance of his nearest competitor. 

21. The Referee may disqualify from that event any competi- 
tor who willfully pushes against, impedes, crosses the course of, 
or in any way interferes with another competitor. 

22. The Referee may disqualify from further participation in 
the races any contestant for loafing, traveling behind for rest, or 
wind break, competing to lose coaching, or in any way impeding 
the chances of another competitor either in a trial or final con- 
test. 

23. Verbal protests can be made at or before any competition 
or race meeting against a competitor by anyone competing. But 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 59 

such protest must be subsequently made in writing and duly 
presented to the Referee within forty-eight hours thereafter. 

24. The Referee shall set a time and hear both sides of a 
case of protest, and decide the same. 

25. A tape shall be stretched across the track at the finish, 
four feet above the floor at right angles to the course and parallel 
to the floor. The finish line is not this tape, but the line on the lloor 
drawn across the track from post to post. The tape is merely 
intended to assist the Judges in their decision. 

A finish shall be counted when any part of the winner's body, 
except his hands or arms, shall cross the finish line. 



CAUSE OF DISQUALIFICATION OF CONTESTANTS. 

1. Who willfully fouls, crowds, pushes, hinders or in any way 
impedes the progress of any other contestant in a race. 

2. Who cuts inside of any corner or Parole Judge, or who 
willfully leaves the course before the race is finished. 

3. Who is guilty of offering, agreeing, conspiring or attempt- 
ing to cause any race to result otherwise than on its merits. 

4. Who uses profane language or is guilty of improper conduct 
at the race meet. 

5. Who gambles or bets on the results of a race. 

6. Who fails to pay entrance fee before the race, or is not 
properly registered. 

7. Who has ever entered in a contest under an assumed 
name. 

8. Who has contested for a money prize within two years. 



PROGRAMME FOR FIGURE SKATING CONTESTS. 

The object of this programme is to set forth the movements 
of figure skating so as best to test the proficiency of skaters, and 
in an order that will economize the strength of the contestants. 
The movements are arranged under comprehensive fundamental 
heads. It is to be understood that whenever practicable all move- 



60 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRART. 

ments are to be executed both forward and backward on right 
foot and on left. 

1. Outside edge roll forward. 

2. Outside edge roll backward. 

3. Single and double flat foot spins, crossfoot and two foot 

whirls. 

4. Inside edge roll forward. 

5. Inside edge roll backward. 

6. Figure eight on one foot, forward, single and double 

circles. 

7. Curved angles — threes, single, double and chain, beginning 

on inside or outside edge. 

8. Figure eight on one foot backward, single and double 

circles. 

9. Cross roll forward in field and eights, single and double 

circle. 

10. Cross roll backward in field and eights, single and double 

circle. 

11. Loops and ringlets on inside and outside edges, single and 

in combination. 

12. Change of edge roll forward, beginning on either outside 

or inside edge. 

13. Change of edge roll backward, beginning on either outside 

or inside edge. 

14. Curved angles — rocking and counter rocking turns from 

outside edge to outside edge and inside edge to inside 
edge, forward and backward. 

15. Curved angles — crosscuts or anvils on inside and outside 

edges. , 

16. Grapevines. 

17. Toe and heel movements, embracing pivot circling, toe 

spins (pirouettes) and movements on both toes. 

In case of a tie the judges shall order the competitors so tied 
to skate five specialties each. 

If limited as to time the judges may select what is thought 
best. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 61 

This schedule is intended as a guide, as well to skaters as to 
judges who should continually bear in mind that grace is a most 
desirable attribute to artistic skating. 

The rules of the Amateur Skating Association of the United 
States are as follows: 

The officials of a figure skating competition shall be three 
judges and one scorer. 

The judging shall be done on a scale of points running from 
the number of contestants down to o. 

Experience shows the following to be the most practical method 
of scoring: 

"The number to be given to the one standing first in any 
section shall be that of the number of contestants. Should there 
be two or more of equal merit, they should be marked the same 
number ; and the one coming next below takes the number result- 
ing from subtracting the number of competitors above him from 
the number entered. A total failure is marked zero." 

A fall does not necessarily constitute a failure. 

At the conclusion of each figure each judge shall, without 
consultation with his associates, mark the number of points which 
he awards to each competitor. 

These reports shall then be compared, and in case of disagree- 
ment the majority shall decide. 

The scorer shall keep an accurate record of the points allowed 
to each contestant on each figure. 

In deciding the relative merits of competitors, special attention 
will be given to grace and ease of position, accuracy in skating 
to place and ability to use both feet equally well. 

Competitors before coming on the floor will draw lots to decide 
the order in which they will skate, and shall preserve this order 
throughout, except that the competitor who leads in each figure 
shall skate last in the next on the programme, the others preserv- 
ing their relative succession. 

If, in the opinion of the judges, any competitor shall not have 
skated in the first nine numbers sufficiently well, they may require 
him to retire. 



62 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

Any competitor refusing to skate when called upon in his 
proper turn, without a reason satisfactory to the judges, will be 
ruled out of the competition and shall leave the floor. 

The decision of the majority of the judges shall be final in 
regard to all questions of disqualifications, interpretations of the 
programme, and merits of the competitors. 



SPALDING^S ATHLETIO LIBRARY. 



^ — 


Playing Rules for Roller Polo 


^ 


^^1 — 


no 


^ 



Among the many games that can be played on roller skates 
polo is one of the most fascinating and popular. It affords 
healthful exercise for the players and furnishes wholesome en- 
joyment for spectators. The rules for roller polo follow : 

Each team shall consist of five players, to be designated as 
follows : One goal tend, one halfback, one center, two rushes. 

The ball shall be the regulation rubber covered polo ball, which 
shall be furnished by the manager of the home club. 

The sticks shall not exceed four feet in length, one inch and 
one-eighth in diameter, or fifteen ounces in weight. The crook 
of the stick may be covered with leather, but no metallic sub- 
stance will be allowed near that end of the stick. A cord or 
strap shall be attached to the handle to prevent the stick from 
slipping from the hand, but it shall not extend more than ten 
inches beyond the end. 

All games shall be played upon circular running skates in 
good order, the rolls to be standard size. No player shall be 
allowed to appear on the surface with a metal roll nor one less 
than one and one-quarter inches in diameter. No skate shall 
be more than two inches shorter than the ordinary boot or 
shoe of the player. The spindle must not project more than 
one-eighth of an inch from the skate. The cotter pin must be 
applied to the outside of the skate and a blind-headed end on 
the inside thereof. 

The skates must be securely fastened to the feet and no 
player can call time to readjust his skates. In case a skate is 
broken and a player thereby is obliged to leave the surface, his 
place must be taken by a substitute in uniform. The player 
retiring may resume his position at the option of his captain. 
For each championship game two balls shall be furnished by the 
home club to the referee for use. If the ball in play is batted 



6i SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

out of the playing surface and is not returned within thirty 
seconds the other ball shall be put in play by the referee. As 
often as one of the two in use is lost, another must be substi- 
tuted, so that the referee shall at all times after the game begins 
have two for use. 

Should the ball become out of shape, cut or ripped so as to 
expose the yarn, or in any way so injured as to be, in the opin- 
ion of the referee, unfit for use, the referee on being appealed 
to by either captain, shall at once put the alternate ball into use 
and call for a new one. 

The goal shall be three feet high and four and one-half feet 
long. The surface must be pumiced before each game. 

In playing a game, the front of the cage or goal must not 
be less than ten feet from the end and equidistant from the 
side of the playing surface of the rink. 

No player except the goal tend shall be allowed within a 
semi-circle plainly indicated in front of the goal, the radius 
of which must be two and one-half feet from the center of the 
goal line. It is understood that if the goal tend leaves his posi- 
tion, whoever for the time being takes his place is the goal tend. 

To start the game, the ball shall be placed at rest at the 
middle of a straight line drawn through the center of each goal 
and at the whistle of the referee, shall be charged upon by the 
rusher who is standing by the goal. No other player shall be 
permitted to rush for the ball, and should any player of the oppos- 
ing side attempt to block an opposing rusher before the ball is 
charged a foul must be declared. In starting on a rush one 
rusher only can stand at the cage. The other must stand at the 
side of the rink. 

A goal is won by the passage of the ball into the cage or net 
from the front, where it must remain until removed by the 
referee. No goal shall be allowed when kicked in by one of the 
opposing team. 

The positions of the teams shall be reversed after each goal. 

Three innings of fifteen minutes each of actual playing time 
shall constitute a game, except as provided hereinafter, and the 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 66 

club winning the most goals in that time shall he the winner of 
the game. 

In computing the time all waits between goals and during the 
progress of the game on calls of time shall be deducted from 
the actual time and only the playing time of the goal reckoned. 

The final goal shall be the one which ends at the expiration 
of the third fifteen minutes of actual playing time, unless the 
clubs are tied, in which case the deciding goal shall be played. 
In case of a tie at the expiration of the third period all fouls 
shall be declared ofT and play shall be continued until the de- 
cisive goal is scored. In case a game is interrupted by unavoid- 
able accident or other unforeseen cause and cannot be con- 
tinued, the game shall be awarded to the club leading at the 
time of interruption, provided two periods have been played. 

There shall be a corps of official referees and timekeepers, 
and time must be kept by a stop-watch or a stop-clock. If 
the timekeeper fails to appear at any game a substitute shall be 
appointed by the manager of the home team. 

The visiting team shall be allowed a representative at each 
game, who may require of the official timer that the watch be 
so held that both can at all times see its face, and the official 
scorer so keep his record that the visiting representative may 
at all times see same. At any time a question arises note shall 
be made of the differences and the matter settled at the close 
of the periods. 

No person but the players and referee shall be permitted on 
the surface during a match, unless assistance is to be rendered 
in case of accident, or unless upon mutual invitation of the cap- 
tains and referee. Failure to observe this rule within one min- 
ute after the direction of the referee to leave the floor will 
carry with it a forfeiture of the game. 

The referee shall have charge of the clubs and the surface 
from the time the game is called till it is finished or postponed. 
He shall start and call the game, shall settle all disputed points, 
and shall announce each goal, giving its time and all fouls and 
their nature. 



M SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

The referee is the master of the surface from beginning of 
the game to its close, and he must compel the players to observe 
the provisions of the playing rules. 

The referee must keep the contesting teams playing con- 
stantly from the beginning of the game to the termination, al- 
lowing for such delays as are rendered unavoidable by accident. 

The referee must call play promptly at the hour designated 
by the home club, and on the blast of the whistle the contest 
shall begin. When the whistle is blown for time, no goal can 
be counted that is made until the signal has been given to renew 
play. The sound of the gong shall announce the termination of 
the contest. 

The skates of each club shall be examined by the referee or 
the manager immediately before the players go on the surface 
or before leaving the surface. No player shall be allowed to 
leave the surface without permission of the referee, who shall 
examine his skates upon his return. 

There shall be an official scorer connected with each club, 
who shall prepare a summary of each contest, which shall con- 
tain the names of players, date of game, the number and order 
of rushes, goals won by each team, and a record of fouls ; giving 
names of players making the same and the time occupied in 
playing for each goal. 

If the ball go out of bounds the referee shall blow his whistle 
to call time and place the ball at the point opposite where it 
went out, at least four feet from the rail. In recommencing 
play, the players who do so must stand in position to knock the 
ball lengthwise of the surface with their backs toward the sides. 

Time shall be called by the referee whenever a foul occurs. 
Upon the renewal of the game the ball must be placed whep- 
the foul occurred. 

If time is called while goal is in progress the play shall not 
cease until the referee's whistle is blown. 

A goal shall be taken from either side for every third foul 
committed by it during the progress of a game. After taking 
cognizance of a third foul and announcing the result the referee 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. CT 

shall continue the game from where it left off at the call of foul. 

It shall be deemed a foul: (a) if any player stop or strike 
the ball when any part of his person except his feet is touch- 
ing the surface; (b) if any player stop, catch or bat the ball 
with his hands or arms; (c) if the player intentionally violate 
Rule 7; (d) if any player hold another player on the surface or 
against the rail; (e) if any player run about or strike the ball 
while one of his skates is off or broken; (f) if any player stop 
before or in the immediate vicinity of the goal cage to readjust 
his skates ; (g) if any player put his stick between the arm and 
body of another player. 

If the referee decides that a foul is made in the goal by the 
goal tend, or by any player taking his place, for the time being, 
that prevents a goal from being made, a goal shall be declared 
for the opposing side. 

In case two or more players are in the goal circle and either 
is hit by the ball a foul in goal shall be declared and a goal al- 
lowed against the intruder. 

If any player remove or attempt to remove the ball after it 
has gone into the goal a goal will be allowed the opposing side. 

Any act by any player that is manifestly intended as an un- 
warrantable interference by one player with another may be de- 
clared a foul by the referee from his own observation or upon 
complaint by the captain of the offended side. 

If on account of the absence of or injury to any player a 
substitute is necessary and no regular member of the team is 
present any person may be selected with the approval of the 
captain of the opposing team, given in the presence of the referee. 

If a dispute arise upon the surface it shall be settled by 
the referee and the two captains ; the players shall take no parf 
in the discussion unless called upon by the referee. 

If any club refuses to abide by the decision of the referee 
within one minute after being ordered to resume play they 
shall forfeit the game. 

If from any cause during the game play should be suspended 
each player shall refrain from touching or knocking the ball. 



68 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

Upon the beginning of play the visiting club shall take the 
goal nearest the entrance to the surface. 

No player shall wear any extra appliances larger than the 
ordinary size, such as masks, shin pads, chest protectors, etc., to 
impede the progress of the ball. The shin pads of the goal tend 
shall not exceed 9 inches diameter. Any player violating this 
rule shall be ordered from the floor by the referee to make such 
changes as the referee may desire. 

I.n case a stick strap is broken the player must cease play until 
it is repaired or another stick secured. Failure to observe this 
shall entail the calling of a foul by the referee. 

The sound of the gong shall announce the close of each period. 

No player shall throw his stick at the ball or across the 
surface. 

Any player deliberately tripping or striking another shall be 
cautioned, and for a second offence during the same game, he 
shall be ordered from the surface for the remainder of the game. 

Any player engaging in a broil or altercation upon the surface 
may be immediately ordered from the surface and may be sus- 
pended or expelled. 

Any act by any player that is manifestly intended to injure 
a player, delay or obstruct the game or is contrary to the spirit 
of fair and honorable play shall subject the player to expulsion 
from the floor. 

If at any time during the game any player shall use abusive 
or insulting language or offer violence to any referee he may 
expel him from the floor. 

In case of any disturbance, unnecessary noise or interference 
with the game or the referee by any one else, the referee shall 
have the right to suspend the game until quiet is restored, or if 
necessary he may order the offending party or parties expelled 
from the rink. In case his orders are not complied with he 
may stop the game and award the game to the visiting club. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



National Rules Governing Fancy, Trick 

and Figure Skating 

V S — ^ 

Figure No. i — 

Outer edge roll forward on flat foot ; toes ; heels. 
vigiirc No. 2 — 

Inner edge roll forward on flat foot ; toes ; heels. 
Figure No. s — 

Outer edge roll backward on flat foot ; toes ; heels. 
Figure No. 4 — 

Inner edge roll backward on flat foot; toes; heels. 
Figure No. 5 — 

Change of edge forward, beginning either on inner or outer 
edge on flat foot; toes; heels. 
Figure No. 6— 

Change of edge backward, beginning either on inner or 
outer edge, on flat foot ; toes ; heels. 
Figure No. 7 — 

Figure 8 forward on flat foot; toe; heel. 
Figure No. 8 — 

Figure 8 backward on flat foot ; toe. 
Figure No. 9 — 

Various spins. Spins must not be reinforced after starting 
a spin. 
Figure No. 10 — 

Bracket circles. Change edge on flat foot ; toes. 
Figure No. 11 — 

Grapevines, on flat foot ; toes ; heels. 
Figure No. 12 — 

Promenade and two-step specialties, on flat foot ; toes ; heels. 

Figure No. 13— 

Lilac cut backward on flat foot and toes. 



70 SPALDlIsG'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

Figure No. 14 — 

Forward and backward serpentine on flat foot; toe; heel 
Figure No. 15 — 

Bracket 8 on flat foot; toe. 
Figure No. 16 — 

Four crosses on flat foot. 
Figure No. 17 — 

Flying threes on flat foot ; toes. 

Figure No. 18 — 

Loops and ringlets on flat foot; on toes; on heels. 
Figure No. ig — 

Cross cuts and cut-offs; single and double circles; flat foot: 
toes. 
Figure No. 20 — 

Specialties. One foot forward ; toe ; heel. 
Figure No. 21 — 

Specialties on flat foot backward; on© toe; one heel, 
Figure No. 22 — 

General display of original and peculiar movements. 

Note. — In all figures the contestant must be able to do his 
figures to left foot as well as the right foot; also all movements 
scheduled in this program must be done on toes and heels as 
well as on the flat foot. In all contests the Amateur Athletic 
Union will govern, and they will have full power to appoint all 
judges and officials which may govern such contests, both 
amateur and professional. 

Scoring will be on the basis of 100 per cent, for each figure. 
As there are three parts to some of the figures each part will 
count 2>Z 1/3 per cent, as per e-ampk: Forward outer edge 
roll on flat foot counts ZZ 1/3 J on toe, 33 iJz', he^l. ;i:} 1/3; 
total, 100 per cent. 




CHAMPION EARLE REYNOLDS. 




CHAMPION E\RLE REYNOLDS SHOWING BACKWARD REVERSIBLE 
ONE-TOE SPIN. STARTING FIRST WITH A CORKSCREW SPIN. 

Photo by Hall. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBEABI. 



FANCY SKATING— HOW TO BECOME 
AN EXPERT 

ROLLER SKATING. 

The following suggestions should be carefully adhered to in 
entering upon the practice of Roller Skating, and a thorough 
understanding of the preliminary steps should be acquired before 
attempting fancy or difficult movements. Learn one movement 
at a time and that one sufficiently well to be able to perform it 
at pleasure and without danger of falling. Overtasking the 
abilities will surely result in a tendency to acquire awkward 
habits. 

Have confidence in the ability to perform what you are about 
to undertake; avoid as well over-confidence or timidity, either 
one will make the novice appear ridiculous to spectators, 

A position of ease, natural and devoid of affectation should 
be cultivated, the body should be erect but without stiffness. 

The head should be held easily and slightly inclined backward. 
The body, though inclined slightly forward, should be quite erect ; 
the chest expanded and shoulders squared; avoid stooping or 
bending and endeavor to cultivate a carriage as elegant as the 
natural physique will allow. The arms should be held or swung 
naturally at the side, all stiff and awkward motions should be 
studiously avoided. The positions of the limbs should be well 
cultivated, a graceful carriage requires that they be kept nearly 
straight the greater portion of each stroke; the raised foot being 
held from the surface by a slight bending of the knee, barely 
enough to clear the skate from the floor. 

Avoid looking at the feet while skating, the attention should 
be directed towards some object on a line with the eyes. 

Start slow, fast movements are apt to result In awkward falls. 
Be satisfied with a gradual improvement and by acquiring ex 




CHAMPION EAELE REYNOLDS— STARTING OF FIGURE 8 ON ONE 
TOE, CUT EDGE. Photo by Hall- 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 76 

perience the chances of falling, though sometimes unavoidable, 
will be greatly lessened. 

DRESS. 

As the body requires less clothing while exercising than when 
at rest, the skater should never be overburdened with wraps or 
overcoats. Any unusual change of dress is unnecessary, though 
ladies should not wear very long dresses nor hoop skirts. 

Never sit down nor stand in repose in the cold air when heat- 
ed, luiless extra clothing is put over the shoulders, and not even 
then when it can be avoided. 

High cut, broad heeled shoes or boots should be worn; under 
no circumstances should low cut, narrow or high heeled shoes 
be used. The skate should be selected with particular reference 
to the size of the foot ; the forward rollers being properly placed 
directly under the ball of the foot. 

SKATES. 
In the selection of skates the Spalding line as catalogued meets 
the requirements of the average skater, whether for rink or 
fancy skating. A very popular one being the new Spalding Rink 
Skate, all steel throughout. 

PRACTICE. 

To attain grace and perfection in skating a careful study of 
the . first movements and positions is very essential. Without 
such knowledge the mastery of the intricacies of the difficult 
movements will become a matter of considerable time and much 
unnecessary labor, and it is not at all unlikely that the move- 
ments thus learned will lack the graceful appearance so desirable 
in this pastime. 

In the following pages a clear, concise and well illustrated de- 
scription, showing as nearly as possible the relative positions of 
the feet, the curves to be described and the correct angle of each 
movement at the commencement of the step, is intended to take 
the place of the professional instructor. 

The important feature in the art of skating consists in a thor- 
ough understanding of the method of maintaining a perfect bal- 




CHAMPION EARLE REYNOLDS-STARTING ONE TOE SERPENTINE 
FORWARD AND REVERSING ON SAME TOE BACKWARD. 

EXECUTING SAME MOVEMENT. Photo by Hall. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 77 

ance in each movement; by practice the beginner intuitively 
gains the practical knowledge necessary to keep the body erect 
and in perfect equilibrium. 

Remember always that in skating the weight of the body must 
be mclined forward, enough so at least that the centre of gravity 
will be directly over the gliding foot; by observing this rule the 
chances of falls will be much lessened, particularly backward 
falls. The feet also should be well placed, and the proper angles 
taken; under these circumstances it will be hardly probable that 
the skates will go far astray. 

Careless ways should be carefully avoided; nothing is easier 
than to acquire an awkward style; nothing more difficult than 
to overcome it. The most usual faults are; — bent knees, high 
shoulders, waving arms and shuffling scratchy strokes with the 
feet. Long, clear and firm strokes with each foot, head well up, 
arms down, limbs straight and body erect are the points to be 
cultivated. 

COMBINATION SKATING. 

Skating in couples affords a most enjoyable means of execut- 
ing, not only the simple but the difficult movements, many of 
the figure movements being greatly improved by thus executing 
them. Skaters should faithfully practice those movements which 
will allow of skating with partners, at every favorable oppor- 
tunity. 

DANCING. 

Expert skaters will find no trouble in learning to waltz, or go 
through the movements of quadrilles on rollers. A thorough 
proficiency in the movements here given will enable the skater 
to acquire with comparative ease, the necessary steps for waltz- 
ing; the side glide, cut-off step, grapevine and scissor movements 
will afford excellent practice for this purpose. 

COMPLETE LIST OF MOVEMENTS PERFORMED ON 
ROLLER SKATES. 
The following list includes nearly all the movements and com- 
binations known to the best scientific skaters. They have been 




CHAMPION EARLE REYNOLDS-FLYING THREES ON ONE TOE, BOTH 
BACK AND FORWARD. MOST DIFFICULT FEAT KNOWN 

TO HUMAN BALANCE. Photo by HalL 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. ?«) 

arranged by an expert for the special use of skilled roller skaters. 
In most instances the name will, in connection with the preced- 
ing descriptions, enable the reader to understand the manner in 

which each combination is executed. 

1. Plain Roll, forward. 

2. Plain Roll, backward. 

3. Cross Roll, forward. 

4. Cross Roll, backward. 

5. Change Edge Roll, forward. 

6. Change Edge Roll, backward. 

7. Change Edge Cross Roll, forward. 

8. Change Edge Cross Roll. l)ackward. 

9. Inside Edge Roll, forward. 

10. Inside Edge Roll, backward. 

11. Long Roll, forward, outer edge. 

12. Long Roll, backward, outer edge. 

13. Long Roll, forward, inner edge. 

14. Long Roll, backward, inner edge. 

15. On to Richmond, forward. 

16. On to Richmond, backward. 

17. Polka Step, forward. 

18. Polka Step, backward. 

19. On to Richmond Polka, forward. 

20. On to Richmond Polka, backward. 

21. Polka with Side Glide Step. 

22. Polka Step Double, forward. 

23. Polka Step Double, backward. 

24. Promenade Step Plain, forward. 

25. Promenade Step Plain, backward. 

26. Promenade Step with Turn Right. 

27. Promenade Step with Turn Left. 

28. Promenade Step with Turn Right and Left. 

29. Promenade Step with Grapevine Twist. 

30. Promenade Step with Philadelphia Twist. 

31. Promenade Step with Figure Three, forward- 

32. Promenade Step with Figure Three, backward 




JOHN F. DAVIDSON 

And his roller skating outfit, including 3-foot stilt skates 

(We are indebted to J. H. Symmons. photographer, for all the illustrations of 

Mr. and Mrs. Davidson shown in this book.) 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

^S. Promenade Step with Side Glide Step. 

34. Promenade Step Standing Stih. 

35, Promenade Step On Toes. 

S6. Promenade Step with Cut-Off Step. 

^y. Side Step, glide right. 

38. Side Step, glide left. 

39. Side Step, glide right and left. 

40. Side Step, glide Cross Roll, forward. 

41. Side Step, glide Cross Roll, hackward. 

42. Side Glide, circle right. 

43. Side Glide, circle left. 

44. Side Glide, circle with cut-off step. 

45. Serpentine on Both Feet, forward. 

46. Serpentine on Both Feet, backward. 
4'/. Serpentine on Toes, forward. 

48. Serpentine on Toes, backward. 

49. Serpentine on Heels, forward. 

50. Serpentine on Heels, backward. 

51. Serpentine, right foot forward. 

52. Serpentine, right foot backward. 

53. Serpentine, left foot forward. 

54. Serpentine, left foot backward. 

55. Serpentine, one foot, change from forward to backward 

56. Serpentine, One Toe forward. 

57. Serpentine, One Toe with a Jump. 

58. Grapevine Plain, right. 

59. Grapevine Plain, left. 

60. Grapevine Plain, double. 

61. Grapevine On Toes, right. 

62. Grapevine On Toes, left. 

63. Grapevine On Toes, double. 

64. Grapevine On Heel and Toe, right. 

65. Grapevine On Heel and Toe, left. 

66. Grapevine On Heels, right. 

67. Grapevine On Heels, left. 

68. Grapevine On Heels, double. 

69. Grapevine, Single and Double with cut-off step. 




CLAIRE EL KEY SISTERS ZOE 

(7 years old) (H years old) 

STARTING OF TWO-STEP. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. g3 

70. Grapevine, On Toes with one Toe Pirouette. 

71. Grapevine, with Toe Whirl. 

^2. Grapevine, with Heel and Toe Whiry. 

'J2). Philadelphia Twist, half to the right. 

74. Philadelphia Twist, half to the left. 

75. Philadelphia Twist, Plain. 
"jd. Philadelphia Twist, Double. 

yj. Philadelphia Twist, with Figure Three. 

78. Philadelphia Twist, On Toes, forward. 

79. Philadelphia Twist, on Toes, backward, 

80. Philadelphia Twist, On 'i'oes, double. 

81. Picket Fence, to the right. 

82. Picket Fence, to the left. 

83. Picket Fence, with Promenade Step. 

84. Picket Fence, with Side Glide Step. 

85. Scissors Plain, right, forward. 

86. Scissors Plain, left, forward. 

87. Scissors On Toes, backward. 

88. Scissors On Toes, forward. 

89. Scissors On Heels, backward, 

90. Scissors On Heels, forward. 

91. Scissors On Toes, Philadelphia Twist. 

92. Scissors Oil Toes, Double Philadelphia Twist 

93. Scissors On Toes, Cork Screw Turn. 

94. Scissors Figure Three and Toe Pirouette. 

95. Scissors with Toe Whirl, 

96. Scissors with Heel and Toe Whirl. 

97. Mercury Three's, right and left. 

98. Mercury Three's, left circle. 

99. Mercury Three's, right circle. 
100. Mercury with Grapevine Twist. 

Id. Figure Eight, Cross, Plain, forward. 

102. Figure Eight, Cross, Plain, backward. 

103. Figure Eight, Inside Edge, forward. 

104. Figure Eight, Inside Edge, backward. 

105. Figure Eight, Toe Pivot, Inside Edge, forward. 

J07. Figure Eight, Toe Pivot, Inside Edge, Pirouette on Toe. 




HUMAN TOP SPIN ON TOES. 

SKATING A CORKSCREW 

SPIN TO LEFT. 



STARTING A ONE-FOOT EIGHT. 

FINISHING A CAKE-WALK 

PROMENADE ON TOES. 



BPALDINfrS ATHLETIC LIRRARY. 85 

io8. Figure Eight, Toe Pivot, Inside Edge, Cork Screw 

Turn. 

109. Figure Eight, with Grapevine, 

no. Figure Eight, with Grapevine cut-off, inner edge. 

111. Figure Eight, with Philadelphia Twist. 

112. Figure Eight, with Philadelphia Twist, cut-off innei 

edge. 

113. Figure Eight with Figure Three, outer edge. 

114. Figure Eight with Figure Three, inner edge. 

115. Figure Eight with Figure Three,, cut-off inner edge. 

116. Figure Eight with Figure Three, Toe Pirouette. 

117. Figure Eight with Figure Three, Heel Pirouette. 

118. Figure Eight, one foot forward right. 

119. Figure Eight, one foot forward left. 

120. Figure Eight, one foot backward, right. 

121. Figure Eight, one foot backward, left. 

122. Figure Eight, one foot forward, with Pirouette. 

123. Figure Eight, one foot half forward, half backward. 

124. Figure Eight, one foot forward loop. 

125. Figure Eight, one foot backward loop. 

126. Figure Eight, on two toes, forward. 

127. Figure Eight, on two toes, backward. 

128. Figure Eight, on two toes, Corkscrew Turn or Ringle': 

129. Figure Eight, on Toes, Grapevine Tur*-, 

130. Figure Eight, on Heels, forward. 

131. Spread Eagle Plain, right. 

132. Spread Eagle Plain, left. 
133- Spread Eagle on Toes, right. 

134. Spread Eagle on Toes, left. 

135. Spread Eagle on Heels. 

136. Spread Eagle jump Pirouette in the air. 

137. Spread Eagle change from right to left. 

138. Spread Eagle light on heels. 

139. Spread Eagle heel and toe, forward. 

140. Spread Eagle, heel and toe, backward. 

141. Spread Eagle with Philadelphia Twist Turn. 

142. Spread Eagle with Grapevine Turn. 




T^^Mit - • ■£ 



fW^ML 




SrALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 67 

143. One Toe Glide, forward. 

144. One Toe Glide, backward. 

145. One Heel Glide, forward. 

146. One Heel Gli(!e, backward. 

147. One Toe C'.^le, change from forward to backwar 

148. Heel and Toe Whirl or spin to the right. 

149. Heel and Toe Whirl or spin to the left. 

150. Whirl or Spin on Toes, right. 

151. Whirl or Spin on Toes, left. 

152. Corkscrew Whirl on heel and toe, right. 
153- Corkscrew Whirl on heel and toe, left. 

154. Corkscrew Whirl on toes, right. 

155. Corkscrew Whirl on toes, left. 

156. Single Toe Whirls. 

157. Heel and Toe Split, forward. 

158. Heel and Toe Split, backward. 

159. Heel Split. 

160. Lap Foot Circle, right, forward. 

161. Lap Foot Circle, left forward. 

162. Lap Foot Circle, right, backward. 

163. Lap Foot Circle, left, backward. 

164. Serpentine, heel and toe, forward. 

165. Serpentine, heel and toe, backward. 

166. Serpentine, with flying threes, forward. 

167. Serpentine, with flying threes, backward. 

168. Figure Eight, heel pivot, inner edge, forward. 

169. Figure Eight, heel pivot, inner edge, backward. 

170. Figure Eight, heel pivot with Grapevine. 

171. Figure Eight, heel pivot with Philadelphia Twist. 

172. Figure Eight, heel pivot with Figure Three Twist 

173. Cross Roll Promenade, forward. 

174. Cross Roll Promenade, backward. 

175. Philadelphia Twist with crouch toe pivot. 

176. Philadelphia Twist on toes with Grapevine, 

177. Flying Threes outer edge. 

178. Flying Threes inner edge. 

179. Ringlets, right. 




PROF. AND MRS. RApiOND MAYER. OF NEW YORK. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBUAIti:. 

i8o. Ringlets, left. 

i8i. Ringlets, with toe pivot. 

182. Grapevine with heels spread. 

183. Loops with Grapevine Twist. 

184. Loops with Philadelphia Twist. 

185. Side Glide Eights. 

186. Scissors with heel split. 

187. Cross Roll, forward, on toes. 

188. Cross Roll, backward, on toes. 

189. Lap Foot Serpentine Eights, forward. 

190. Lap Foot Serpentine Eights, backward. 

191. The Box or Square Movement, right. 

192. The Box or Square Movement, left. 

193. The Box or Square Movement with Three's. 

194. One Foot Eight, toe pivot, continuous, right. 

195. One Foot Eight, toe pivot, continuous, left. 

196. Serpentine Eight, toe pivot, right and left continuou. 

197. Figure Eight toe Pirouette, right and left. 

198. Eight one foot Pirouette in air, alight on same foot 

199. Waltz Circle, Grapevine TwMst, right. 

200. Waltz Circle, Grapevine Twist, left. 

201. Mercury, backward, with cut-off step. 

202. Mercury, with Philadelphia Twist. 

203. Serpentine, one foot with Pirouette. 

204. Scissors Cross, backward, right. 

205. Scissors Cross, backward, left. 

206. Hop Promenade Step, single. 

207. Hop Promenade Step, double. 

208. Spread Eagle Serpentine, flat foot. 

209. Spread Eagle Serpentine, on heels. 

210. Eight with double cross pivot, forward. 

211. Eight with double cross pivot, backward. 




PROF. AND MRS. RAYMOND MAYER. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



RINK RULES 

if 

The following rules were arranged for one of the largest rinks 
in the country. It would be well for rink managers to have a 
number of them printed on card-board and placed in conspicuous 
places in the rink. 

1. Skating begins at one stroke of the gong, and ceases at 
two strokes of the gong. 

2. No smoking allowed in or about the premises, except in 
the smoking room. 

3. Gentlemen will not soil the floor with tobacco ; others will 
not be permitted to do so. 

4. Crowding, loud talking or other rude or noisy demonstra- 
tions, are forbidden. 

5. No one should stand, even for a moments on the skating 
surface, or so as to obstruct the entrance to the place, or the 
view of others. 

6. In putting on skates, see that the buckles are upon the 
outside of the foot. 

7. Never cross the skating surface in passing to or from a 
seat; always follow the direction of the skaters. 

8. Spitting or throwing any substance upon the skating sur- 
face is dangerous, and will not be permitted. 

9. Going up or down stairs with skates on is dangerous and 
strictly prohibited. 

ID. No stick, cane, string, or other similar article, should be 
taken on the floor. 

11. In skating around the circuit, all will observe a uniform 
direction, taking great care never to interfere with the move- 
ments of others. 

12. No skater should stop, even for an instant, in the circuit, 
except to assist a lady. 




PROF. AND MRS. RAYMOND MAYER. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 93 

13. Pushing, tripping, racing, tagging or taking hold of oth- 
ers' garments, or any rude or dangerous actions, are strictly 
forbidden. 

14. Most falls occur from the feet being parallel with each 
other, or nearly so, as in this position one foot cannot check the 
movement of the other; hence, before attempting to stand upon 
the skates, the beginner should place the heels together, with 
the feet at right angles, in which position they should always be, 
while getting up, sitting down, or standing upon skates. 

15. Skating by four or more than two together, should be 
avoided, while skating in couples should be practiced as much 
as possible, by all sufficiently advanced, as there is no other way 
in which a lady and gentleman can make so graceful an appear- 
ance. 

16. On removing the skates please return them to the skate 
room, with the heel strap of one skate buckled and tucked firmly 
into the buckle of the other skate to prevent mismating. 

17. A cheerful compliance with the above, and a careful re- 
gard for the comfort and enjoyment of others, is respectfully 
requested. 

18. None but those known, or supposed by the management to 
be acceptable to a majority of the patrons, will be admitted and 
furnished with skate«. 



94 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



PROGRAMME FOR SKATING 
CONTESTS 

jT 

1. Plain Forward and Backward Movement. 

2. "Lap Foot," as field step and cutting circle. 

3. Outer Edge Roll, forward. 

4. Outer Edge Roll, backward. 

5. Inner Edge Roll, forward. 

6. Inner Edge Roll, backward. 
7o Cross Roll, forward. 

8. Cross Roll, backward. 

9. Change of Edge Roll, forward, beginning either on outei 

or inner edge. 

10. Change of Edge Roll, backward, beginning either on outer 

or inner edge. 

11. (a) "On to Richmond:" /. e., cross one foot in front of the 

other, and with back stroke outside edge go backward or 
forward. 
(J?) Reverse "On to Richmond :" i. e., going forward by 
forward outer ^Ag^ strokes given alternately behind each 
foot. 

12. "Locomotive :" forward, backward, sideways, single and 

double. 

13. Waltz Step. 

14. Spread Eagle, inner and outer edges. 

15. Figure Threes (a), beginning inner or outer edge. On field 

and in eight. Including "Flying Threes." (Z?) Double 
Threes, beginning outer or inner edge. 

16. Grape Vines, including "Philadelphia Twist," etc. 

17. Toe and Heel Movements, embracing pivot circle, toe spins 

Cjbirouettes) , and movements on both toes, etc. 



SPALDING'S ATHLBTIO LIBRARY. 95 

i8. Single Flat Foot Spins, and Double Foot Whirls. 

19. Serpentine (a), single foot forward and backward, right and 

left. 
(b) following feet, forward and backward, right and left 
In "Two Foot Eight." 

20. Figure Eight on one foot, forward. 

21. Figure Eight on one foot, backward. 

22. Change of Edge, single and double. 

23. One Foot Loops, inner and outer edges, simple and in com- 

bination. 
24.0ne Foot Ringlets, inner and outer edges, simple and in com- 
bination. 

25. Specialties, embracing original and peculiar movements. 

26. General display of combined movements at the option of the 

contestant. 



Sl'AI-DINGS ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



t 


About Rink Management 


^ 


V 




-^ 



Presuming that the rink proprietor has purchased his equip- 
ment of Spalding Rink Roller Skates, which are warranted to 
be the best and most satisfactory rink skates ever made, the 
next most important matter is the floor for the rink. -^ 

Those who have had experience and really know what is ^N 
correct in the way of a rink floor advise that a good floor 
be laid by experienced men and under no circumstances attempt 
to save a few dollars at the expense of quality. Maple or birch, 
3 to 3>2 inches wide, tongue, and groove, is what most of the 
best rinks have used for their floors and in laying the floor it is 
recommended to commence at the ends and corners, although 
some rinks are built with the boards running lengthwise as much 
as possible and starting from the middle to lay them. When it 
comes to laying the boards at the corners they should be ar- 
ranged so that the skating is never against the grain. The de- 
sign shown below will give a rough idea of about how this ii 
usually done. 



The direction of the skating should be changed frequentl}^ as 
it is not advisable to have the people skating always in the 





SrAI.I>IN(;-S ATIILHTIC l.II'.KARY. 97 

same direction. If they do it is not long before the adjusting 
rubbers on the skates become worn on one side and the skates 
will not rmi even. It is better to arrange matters so that at a 
given signal, say one stroke of the gong, all skating should stop, 
and then at two strokes of the gong, skating recommences in 
the opposite direction. In this manner, reversing the direction 
of the skating at least every half hour, the skates are kept trued 
up, so that they will always run even and consequently give 
better satisfaction. 

No fast skating should be allowed during regular sessions. It 
has been found that the best hours for regular sessions are from 
10:30 to 12 noon, from 2:30 to 5:30 P. M., and from 7:30 to 
10:30 P. M. The charge for admission covers a wide range. 
In some places as low as 10 or 15 cents and so on from 25 or 
50 cents to a subscription arrangement, where a skating club 
will hire a rink for a certain number of nights during a season 
and charge each member a certain amount as a subscription. In 
some cases an extra charge is made for the use of the skates, in 
others it is included in the admission, but in whatever way it 
may be arranged it is well for the rink proprietor to always 
cater to the best people in his locality and to discourage and, in 
fact, prevent the attendance of any who are rough or disorderly. 
A special feature, which has proven popular with many roller 
skating rinks, is to have a Saturday forenoon and afternoon 
session for ladies and children. 
The means provided by rink proprietors for adding to the in- 
' terest are many and varied. In one town the rink proprietor 
arranged with a couple of professional skaters to give an ex- 
hibition of dancing on roller skates and they instructed a num- 
ber of patrons of the rink so that they could dance the two-step 
on skates. In another town the rink manager arranged for a 
drawing each week, the prizes being a pair each of ladies' and 
gentlemen's Spalding Rink Roller Skates. The tickets, of course, 
were numbered and the holder of the lucky ticket was presented 
at the end of the week with a pair of skites. In other places 
masquerades have been arranged, even to the extent of getting 



98 SPALDINOS ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

up on quite an ambitious scale a regular Mardi Gras. Relay 
races have been arranged and pursuit races also, in the latter, 
two contestants, one starting from either side of the rink, the 
winner of course being the one who caught up with the other 
skater. 

In all rinks there should be a large gong bell and it is also 
well to arrange for a regular repair room which should be 
equipped with necessary tools for repairing skates, such as 
pincers, pliers, hammers, screwdrivers, etc. The petty repairs, 
such as putting on nuts that come loose and oiling skates, can 
be done at the counter where the skates are given out. In case 
of a skate being bent it is a very simple matter to put the end 
in a vise and pull it into place. The more serious repairs, such 
as putting on carriers and axles, replacing ball bearings, etc., 
should be done in the repair room. As a rule skates should be 
died once or twice in a session, sometimes it is not necessary, 
but they certainly should be oiled either just before or after each 
session if they are to give the best service. 

As to music there is of course no settled rule, in some rinks 
they have a full brass band, in others they are content with a 
few pieces, and in one of the most successful rinks they have a 
mechanical musical instrument set up in the middle of the floor 
and run by an electric motor. 

It is not intended that the particulars we have specified above 
relating to the management and equipment of a roller skating 
rink shall be taken or understood as being absolutely rigid in 
application to rinks in various parts of the country, but we, have 
endeavored to cover in this article a few points that are gen- 
erally left out of most advertising matter relating to the equip- 
ment of a rink, and we believe that some of the points in this 
article will be found of use to those who are thinking about 
starting a rink and are in doubt as to just how to go about it 



SPALDIXC'S ATITI KTir I.IRRAKY. 99 

f \ 

About Rink Roller Skating 

We want to sa}- a few words to you about rink skates and 
when we refer to rink skates we do not mean some makeshift 
style adapted from an ordinary sidewalk skate, but instead a 
skate as much different in every essential particular from the 
sidewalk skate as the improved "safety" bicycle was from the 
old "high" wheel. The sidewalk skate is suitable for children 
and it has its place, but in a rink patronized for the most part 
by grown people, the skate that is to give really satisfactory 
service must be built specially to conform to rink conditions. 

The Spalding Rink Roller Skate is designed to meet the de- 
mand for a satisfactory skate for rink use. First of all, it is 
built so that it will run smoothly without rattle or shake and 
the hangers are arranged to give the skater the necessary amount 
of freedom he requires to take corners easily. Then the skate 
has a solid footplate, well braced to make it able to withstand 
all kinds of use and abuse. It does not matter whether the 
skater weighs one hundred or ihree hundred pounds, the skate 
is equally suitable and satisfactory, because the steel construc- 
tion does not weigh any more than the clumsy adjustable ar- 
rangements on many sidewalk skates and the improved methods 
of construction make possible greater speed and more pleasure 
for the skater be he large or small. 

Now in regard to the perforated ball bearing steel rolls, with 
which practically all Spalding Rink Roller Skates are equipped. 
These rolls, it is needless to say, are the most durable of any 
and they give the best satisfaction to the skater also. The per- 
forated steel rolls are constructed on the same principle as a 
wagon or carriage wheel, with a perforated flange resting on 
the axle at the center of the wheel and meeting the rim in the 
center, thus making certain that the roll will run true and easy 
and not wobbly like a barrel as would be the case if the per- 



100 SPALL-IXuS ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

forated flange was divided into two and not centered, as it is. 
Furthermore, the wheels fit snugly against the dust caps. The 
cases are made of tool steel, the ball cups are like those on a 
bicycle wheel, all grooved and inserted in the wheel positively 
true and there is a brace running through the wheel which pre- 
vents the cup from becoming loose and saves the annoyance of 
rattling after the skate has been used for any length of time. 
We describe in this detailed way the construction and equip- 
ment of the rolls with which we are fitting Spalding Rink Roller 
Skates because it is upon the rolls that the SKater really depends 
for the enjoyment he gets out of the sport, and the saying in 
regard to the worthlessness of a horse without good hoofs is 
just as true in reference to skates equipped with rollers that 
are not satisfactory. 

There are a few more points about the Spalding Rink Roller 
Skates that are worthy of note and, as they increase the effi- 
ciency of the skate they should be interesting to the prospective 
purchaser. In order to make certain that there are no defects 
in the material from which the footplates of the skates are made, 
they are constructed from cold drawn steel, thereby avoiding the 
possibility of a bad accident on account of a footplate breaking 
and furthermore the truss arrangement under the footplate 
strengthens it even more and makes certain that it will not be- 
come loose, even after much use. Then the heads of the clamp 
screws are case hardened so that the edges will not turn, and 
making it unnecessary to replace them, even after considerable 
use, and the heel strap is reinforced with material to add to its 
durability. All these points in regard to the construction of the 
Spalding Rink Roller Skates you will notice after examination, 
and you will also note that the adjustment of the hanger is such 
that it is possible to secure the full benefit of the rubber by 
tightening the nut as the rubber becomes smaller after much 
use — this also prevents rattling and it is something that is not 
possible where there is no bolt and nut adjustment, as there is 
on the Spalding Rink Roller Skate. 



SPALUINGS ATHLETIC LIIiKARY. 101 

In the old days of rink roller skating there was hardly a 
town of any size in the United States that did not maintain a 
rink. Thousands made fortunes in the business and many who 
waited too long before starting and were left with rinks on 
their hands did not realize the profits they had anticipated. How- 
ever, it is a fact that many towns owe their possession of a 
well-built opera house or other amusement place to-day to the 
rink roller skating "craze" of over twenty years ago. If we are 
to judge the signs of the times we are in for another "craze," if 
we may so term it, just as extensive, if not more so, than the 
old one, and to-day, with improved mechanical skill, the sport 
promises even more pleasure for the present generation than it 
was responsible for in the old days. Roller skating conducted 
properly is a good sport, a healthy exercise, and anyone who 
has watched the skaters in a rink realizes why roller skating is 
recommended for many as a certain method of building up weak 
physiques, while it is claimed that the motion acts as a tonic on 
the system generally. To those who skate no word of commen- 
dation or approval is required, for to them is given the realiza- 
tion of all that a graceful figure and correct carriage really 
means. Thousands of people, young and old, have taken up 
roller skating within the past couple of years and many thou- 
sands more will take it up within the next few years, without 
doubt. To all of these thousands the enjoyment that will come 
to them on account of the activity which roller skating imposes 
will add without doubt to their lease of life and, taken up in 
the proper spirit, it should be the means of making them better 
and more likeable men and women. 



OFFICIAL RULES FO R ALL ATHLETIC SPORTS. 

The following- list contains the Group and the Number of the book of 
Spalding's Athletic Library in which the rules wanted are contained. See 
front pages of book for complete list of Spalding's Athletic Library. 



Event. 



All-Round Athletic Cham- 
pionship 

A. A. U. Athletic Rules .... 

A. A. U. Boxing Rules 

A. A. U. G5'mnastic Rules.. 
A. A. U. Water Polo Rules. 
A. A. U. Wrestling Rules. . . 

Archery 

Badminton 

Base Ball 

Indoor 

Basket Ball, Official 

Collegiate 

Women's 

Water 

Basket Goal 

Bat Ball 

Betting 

Bowling 

Boxing— A. A. U., Marquis 

of Queensbury, London 

Prize Ring 

Broadsword (mounted) 

Caledonian Games 

Canoeing 

Children's Games 

Court Tennis 

Cricket 

Croquet 

Curling 

Dog Racing 

Fencing 

Foot Ball 

Code of Rules 

Association (Soccer) 

English Rugby 

Canadian 

Golf 

Golf -Croquet 

Hand Ball 

Hand Polo 

Hand Tennis 

Hitch and Kick 

Hockey 

Ice 

Field 

Garden 

Lawn 

Parlor 

Ring 

Ontario Hockey Ass'n 

Indoor Base Ball 

Intercollegiate A. A. A. A. . 

I.-C. Gymnastic Ass'n 

Lacrosse 

U. S. I.-C, Lacrosse League 



No. 



Event. 



Lawn Bowls 

Lawn Games 

Lawn Tennis 

Obstacle Races 

Olympic Game Events— Mar- 
athon Race, Stone Throw- 
ing with Impetus, Spear 
Throwing, HellenicMethod 
of Throwing Discus, Dis- 
cus, GreekStylef or Youths 

Pigeon Flying 

Pin Ball 

Playground Ball 

Polo (Equestrian) 

Polo, Rugby 

Polo. Water (A. A. U.) 

Potato Racing . 

Professional Racing, Shef- 
field Rules 

Public Schools Athletic 

League Athletic Rules 

Girls' Branch ; including 
Rules for School Games. 

Push Ball 

Push Ball, Water 

Quoits 

Racquets 

Revolver Shooting 

Ring Hockey 

Roller Polo 

Roller Skating Rink 

Roque 

Rowing 

Sack Racing 

Shuffleboard 

Skating 

Skittles 

Snowshoeing 

Squash Racquets 

Swimming 

Tether Tennis 

Three- Legged Race 

Volley Ball 

Wall Scaling 

Walking 

Water Polo (American) 

Water Polo (English) 

Wicket Polo 

Wrestling 

Y. M. C. A. All-Round Test. 

Y. M. C. A. Athletic Rules. . 

Y. M. C. A. Hand Ball Rules, 

Y.M.C.A. Pentathlon Rules, 

Y.M.C.A. Volley Ball Rules, 



KtHte THE SPALDING 




TRADE-MARK "^rLTTf 



S PA L D I N G Plain Bearing 

ROLLER 
SKATES 



( Patent Oct. 19, 1909 ) 



<i/g3W> 



^ 



Spalding Plain Bearing 
Roller Skates have sliding- 
rod adjustment and are 
equipped tvith patent non- 
slipping or skidding rollers. 
Frame of skates made of 
cold-rnlled steel. Rollers of 
special grade (hammer-head, 
non-chipping) steel. 



c>cyi» 



Cats of Rollers ased on Spalding 
Plain Bearing Skates 





No. I . Men's, adjustable from 10 to 11% inches. 

Clamp toe. single strap heel. Plain steel finish. 

. Per pair, $1 .50 

No. 3. Boys', adjustable from 7^ to 9% inches. 

Clamp toe, single strap heel. Plain steel finish. 

Per pair, $1 .50 



No. 2. Ladies', adjustable from 10 to ll'i inches 
Clamp toe, solid leather cup heel. Plain steel 
finish. . .- . ... Per'pair, $l.60 

No. 4. Misses', adjustable from 7% to 9% inches. 
Clamp toe, solid leatbejj cup heel. Plain steel 
finish. . .'. . , Per pair, * 1. 60 



EXTRA ROLLERS FOR SPALDING PATENT ROLLER SKATES 

No. SBB. Ball Bearing Rollers for Spalding Patent Roller Skates ; Nos. 100 to 400 and 10 to 40 

■ inclusive , /Jff. '^. Each, 20c. 

No. SP.' Plain Bearing Rollers for Spalding Patent Roller Skates; Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 4. /^^'. I Oc. 



PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO 

ANY COMMUNICATIONS 

ADDRESSED TO US 



A. G.SPALDING &. BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES 

SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER 

OF THIS BOOK 



Sdcw iasff^t Januasi^SjLSLO^ Subject (e ihange WtfAflU/ aQli(A Fo' Canadian 



igttjai Canadian Catalegue, 



faUHESPALDING(tJ)TRADE-MARKT2f 



SiPAiniN(^ PATENT BALL BEARING 

^JJi- il.ljJLrI.ll\l J^^^ (Patent Oct. 19, 1909) 

ROLLER SKATES 

FEATURES OF BALL BEARING ROLLER SKATES 

Slidins-rod ad- 
justment makes 

more, rigid and 

lighter weight than 

ordinary adjustable skates. 
Corrugated (non-slipping) 

rollers (patented). The 

corrugation on rollers make the 

skates practically non-slipping 

or skidding, the rollers are aho 

lighter and stronger than the 

ordinary ball bearing style. 
Tempered steel ball bear-. 

ings. 
Frames of skates, cold-rolled 

steel. 
Rollers, special grade {hammer 

head, non-chipping) steel. 



Cats ol Rollers nsed on Spalding 
Ball Bearing Skates 





No- I OO. Men's, adjustable from 10 to 11*2 in. 
Nickel-plated and polished. Clamp toe, single 
strap heel. . ' Per pair, 84. OO 

No. 300. Boys', adjustable from 7*^ to 5?^ in. 
Nickel-plated and polished. Clamp toe, single 
strap heel. . ' . . - ■ Per pair, S4.00 

No. I O. Men's, similar to Ndu 100, but plain 
white nickel-plated and not polished. S3.00 

No. 30. Boys', similar to No, 300, but plain 
white nickel-plated and not polistted. $3.00, 



No. 200. Ladies', adjustable from 10 to 11% 
inches. Nickel-plated and polished. Clamp 
toe. Solid leather cup heel. Per pair, $4.00 

No. 400. Misses', adjustable from T'-i to 9\ 
inches. Nickel-plated and polished. Clamp 
toe. Solid leather cup heel. Per pair, $4.00 

No. 20. Ladies', similar to No. 200, but plain 
white nickel-plated and not polished. $3.00 

No. 40. Misses.', similar to No. 400, but plain 
white nickel-plated'and not polished. $3.00 



PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO I 

ANY COMMUNICATIONS 

AODRESSEO TO US 



A.G.SPALDING & BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES 

SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER 
OF THIS BOOK 



!EricM ineffecl January 5, 1310^ ^ubiaUdshange viUhout nutioe . For Canad ian frices see speiial Canadian Catalogue. 



S THE SPALDING 




TRADE-MARK "^rrr 



ipalding 

'olo sticks 

aiding " Rink Polo." 
ck is made of the best fi 
d most carefully .se-^ 
ted material from ''^ 
;terns furnished 
the "Chan 
insof America, 
ch stick care' 
ly inspected 
i guaranteed 
iform i 
ight 
ance 




No. O. The Spalding Rink Polo Stick. EachSI.OO 
No. AA. The Spalding Polo Stick, made of. finest second 

growth hickory, wound handle with grip. ' "Each, 75c. 
JMo. A. "League" Polo Stick, selected second growth 

hickory, handsomely finished. Each, 50c. 

No. B. "Standard" Polo Stick, selected' second growth 

ash, nicely finished. . . ' Each, 26c. 

No. C. "Junior Each, I Oc. | No. D. Boys''. 5c. 



Spalding Official Polo Bail 

Made of the very best 
material, according to 
official rules. Each ball 
wrapped in tinfoil, put in 
separate bo.x and sealed. 
__'-^' No. I . "Officiar'ISJ ..OO 

2. "Practice." Each', .25 

3. Rubber , ,IO 



Patent Combined Stiin and Knee Guard 

(Patent Applied for) 

No. 6. This Guard is made with barbette 
piece of fiber, shaped to form of leg, spe- 
cial padding at knee cap, and sole leather 
formed knee protector. It e.xtends down 
over ankles and is meant to be worn under 
stocking. Enthusiastically approved by the 
most prominent players.g_ " "Pair, $5.00 



Eyeglass Protector lor Roller PoFo 




Made of strong annealed wire. 
Nicely padded and a thorough 
protection for eyeglasses or 
spectacles. Each, $2.00 



Spalding Polo Goal Cages 



Regulation size 
and style, complete 
with net. Fur- 
nished with slop- 
ing board in front, 
so that ball can roll 
up into the cage. 
Pair. $46. OO. 




Complete assortment of : 



styles Supporters and Suspensories listed on Page 42 ol this catalogue. See Pages 105 and tSS lor Leg ( 
suitable lor Polo, and Page 54 lor Pants. 



^o. 6 



CnnlHino- Rinlr Rnl1«*i* dfat«><$ These Skates are made lor rink use, but are very satisfactory also lor pavc- 
Spaiaing HinK nOlier S^^aieb ^^^, ^^^^^^ ^,^,^^, co^,„rtion. well-braced loot plales; adjustable axle 

ijers that can never work loose nor rattle; case-hardened head on clamp bolts ; reinforced back straps ; tempered steel ball bearings fitted witb 

^ rubber cushions to take up all jar. 

WOMEN'S-Steel Rollers 



ys. 




MEN'S -Steel Rollers 

ted with Perforated Ball Bearing 

rl Rollers. The most durable anji 
satisfactory of any. 
P. For men and 
Bright finish. 
, 8'i, 9, 9'o, 10, 
s 11, 11'^, 12 inch 
t plate. $4.50 

MEN'S -Fiber Rollers 

ted with Special Wood Fiber Ball 
iring Rollers. Will wear well and 
always run true^ 
P. For Men and 
^s. Bright finish. 
3s. 8, 8's, 9, 9';i, 10, 
11, lUi. 12 inch 
S5.00 



plate. 





Fitted with Perforated Ball Bearing 
Steel Rollers. The most durable and 

satisfactory of anv^ 
No. PL. For Women 
and Girls. Bright 
finish. Sizes: 8, 8'^, 
9, 9?s, 10, 10*^ inch 
footplate. $4.50 

WOMEN'S-Fiber Rollers 
Fitted with Special Wood Fiber Ball 
Bearing Rollers. Will wear well and 

always run true. 
No. PL. For Women 
and Girls. Bright 
finish. Sizes: 8, S'i 
9, 9V., 10, 10*^ inch 
foot plate. $5.00 



RELATIVE SIZES OF SHOES AND RII VK SKATES 

Size of S kat e. ■■■ I Sin. |8 

Men's size ol SHOE. . .^H,2|2 .,,,,, 

Women's size ol SHOE. .112,1,1' 2.2! 3,3' 4,41 I 5,5 



', in. 9in.l 9 '. in.| 10 in. |10Ain. 

5,3^Tri4,4A;5 51,6,6!|7,7^ 



6,6i 



^^^m EXTRA ROIXERS FOR SKATES (BAIX BEARING) 

'-^ "^ No S. All steel ball bearing perforated Skate Roller, same as used on Nos. P 

ORATED sTEa and PL Skates ., ' xt ' -d ' ^ t>t oi fi^' 

F. Wood fiber ball bearing Skate Roller, same as used on Nos. P and PL Skates. , - - 




Each. 30c. 



PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TQ 
,^ANr COMMUNICATIONS 
^ ADDRESSED TO US 



A. G.SPALDING & BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES 

SEE IHSlDf FRONT COVER 

OF THIS BOOK 



■Erics* insffeft January 5, 191 Q,, Subject to change wUhou! nWce. Fqr^Canadiqn griixs jfe igeoial C^nadioR Caltlfigu^ 



ACCEPT NO 
SUBSTITUTE 




imm 



GUARANTEE 
QUALITY 



j Spalding 'Tlayground" BaUs 

oJkD 







*CAe Rational T^layground Ball 
Association of America has adopted 
the Spalding Balls No 12PB and 
No. MPB as official. These are 
made with horse hide cover and are 
specially wound, so that, while soft 
to the feel, they will continue to hold 
their shape after considerable use. 



CrV^ 



12-inch "Olficial" Playground Ball 

The i2-inch ball is used where there is a large playing space, and 
makes an ideal ball for general recreation purposes and for games at 
picnics, outings, etc., where the players on account of lack of ex- 
perience or practice, might not wish to use a hard ball. Guaranteed 
to last a game. 
No. 12PB. Each, $1.00 

14-inch ''Official" Playground Ball 

The 14-inch ball is used where the playing space is limited in size. 
As the ball cannot be batted very far, it is possible, by using the 
large size, to improvise ball grounds in a space that would be simply 
out of the question for the ordinary game. Guaranteed to last a game. 
No. 14PB. Each, $1.00 

9-incli Playground Ball 

This ball is used on many of the municipal playgrounds, where on 
account of the youth of the players, the larger sizes would not be 

suitable. 
No. 9PB. Each, $1.00 



PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO 

ANY COMMUNICATIONS 

ADDRESSED TO US 



A. G.SPALDING & BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



FOR COMPLETE LIST Of STORB 

^SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER 

OF THIS BOOK 



fincej VLiffect January 5j L9Wt^ Suh jed to cha nge wiibavl no(ice. _f o£. Ca^ft^'te JO'IKJ J«e4fiecia/ Canadian Calajfigue. 



St11?e THE SPALDING 



Si 



QUALITY 



.011 



Spalding 
"Playground" BaD Bats 





PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN 10 

ANf COMMUNICATIONS 

ADDBESSEDTOyS 



Spalding Regulation Bats. 

Made of selected second growth 

hickory in the best models. 

Handle wrapped with electric 

tape to prevent slipping. 

No. O. Each, 50c- 

Spalding Regulation Bat. Same 

as No. 0, except handle and 

end not wrapped. 

No. 2. Each, 40c. 

Spalding Catchers' Protector 

Well padded. Straps to go 

over shoulders and around 

waist. 

No. I A. Each, $2.00 



'-1^0= 



A. G.SPALDING & BROS 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 




n_e^eit January 5, 1910. Subject to ihatuic withuut nuULe. lor C 



ij>tuul Lariadian CataJfj^ue. 



StBtUHE SPALDING 



TRADE-MARK 



GUARANTEEI 
QUALITY! 



Spalding All-Steel Playground Apparatu 

Acknowledged as the Standard. Specified and purchased by practically all 
Municipal Park and Playgfround Commissions in America. 





» *., 





-SPALDING PLAYGROUND 


APPARATUS IS USED 


IN 1 


Alameda, CeL 
Allegheny, fa. 


Daylon, 0. 


Kentlield, Cal. 


Naugatuck, Ct. 


Pittsburg. Pa. 


Somerville, Mass. 1 


Denver, Col. 


Lancaster, Pa. 


Newark, N. J. 


Pocatello, Idaho 


St. Lonls. Mo 


Ashburnham, Mass 


Dongan Bills, N. Y. 


Leavenworth, Kan. 


New Brunswick, N. J. 


Polk, Pa. 


Summit, N. J. 


BalUmore, Md. 


East Orange, N. J. 


Lexington, Ind. 


New Haven, Ct. 


Portland, Me. 


llUca. N. Y. 
Walla Walla. Wash, i 
n. Washington, D. C. 


Bayonne, N. J. 


Forest Park, Md. 


Lockhart, Ala. 


New London, CI. 


Portland, Ore. 


BloomUeld. N. J. 


Ft. Plain, N. Y. 


Los Angeles, Cat 


New Paltz, N. V. 


Porto Barrios, S. Ai 


Boston, Mass. 


Ft. Wayne, Ind. 


Louisville, Ky. 


New York, N. Y. 


Pueblo, Col. 


WaleHown, Mass. 


Brooklyn, N. Y. 


Galesburg, ill. 


Lowell, Mass. 


Oakland, Cal. 


Reading, Pa. 


Watervleil, N. Y. 1 


Bryn Mawr, Pa. 


Geneva, N. Y. 


Lynn. Mass. 


Omaha, Neb. 


Rochester, N. Y. 


Westfield, Mass. ! 


Bnlfalo, N. Y. 


Greeley, Col. 


Madison, N. J. 


Orange. N. J. 


Rye, N. Y. 


IWUkesbarre, Pa. j 


Calskill, N. Y. 


Hamilton, Onlario. Can. Melrose Mass. 


Oswego, N. Y. 


Sag Harbor, N. Y. 


'Winnipeg, Man., Can. 


Chicago, Ul. 


Havana, Cuba 


Meridian, Miss. 


Pasadena, Cal. 


San Jose, Cal. 


Winlhrop, Mass. 


Cincinnati, 0. 


Hoboken, N. J. 


Milwaukee. Wis. 


Passaic, N. J. 


Seattle, Wash. 


Worcester, Mass. 


Cleveland, 0. 


Jersey City, N. J. 


Morrislown, N. J. 


Philadelphia, Pa. 


Springlield, Mass. 


YpsilanU. Mich. 


Dallas. Texas 


Kansas City, Mo. 


Nashville, Tenn. 










Correspondence Invited. Special Plans and Estimates on Reque 

A. G. SPALDING & BROS., Inc. 

Gymnasium and Playground Contract Department 



CHICOPEE» MASS, 



PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO 

ANY COMMUNICATIONS^, 

ADDRESSED TO US * ' 



A. G.SPALDING &, BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



IR COMPLETE LIST OF STORE 

SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER 

OF THIS BOOK 



'Bicei in egecl January 5,1910. 5uijec/ (o cAun^e without notice. ^For Canadian fricei^ s« social Canadian Catalogue. 



Stu?e THE SPALDING 



TRADE-MARK "^Kf 



Spalding New and improved Worsted JefSCy S 

Following sizes carried in stock regularly in all qualities: 28 to 44 inch chest. 
Other sizes at an advanced price. 



We allow two inches Jor stretch in all our Jerseys, and sizes are marked 
accordingly. It is suggested, hoivever, that for very heavy men a size about 
two inches larger than coat measurement be ordered to insure a comfortable fit- 




Jerseys are bei.ig used more 
and more by base ball play- 
ers, especially for early 
Spring and late Fall games. 
The Spalding line includes a 
complete a sso rtm e nt of 
styles and qualities. 



STOrK rOI OP^ PLAIN COLORS-The Jollowing stock colors are supplied in 
O 1 VVli V/ULUII.1J our worsled jerseys (NOT Nos. 6 or 6X) al regular prices. Other 
colors to order only in any quality (EXCEPT Nos. 6 and 6X), 25c. each extra. 

Gray Scarlet Peacock Bine Purple 

Orange Cardinal Dark Green Yellow 

Black Navy Blue Olive Green Seal Brown 

White Royal Blue Irish Green Old Cktid 

Maroon Columbia Blue Pink Drab 



No. I P. Full regular made; that is, fashioned or knit to exact shape on 
the machine and then put together by hand, altogether different from 
cutting them out of a piece of material and sewing them up on a machine 
as are the majority of garments known as Jerseys. Special quality 
worsted. Solid stock colors Each, $4.50 

No. I OP. Worsted, fashioned. Solid 
stock colors, " ^ac\\, $3.00 

No. I 2P. Worsted; soli'cj stock colors. 
£ach, $2.75 

No. 1 2XB. Boys' Jersey. ''Worsted. Fur- 
nished in sizes 26 to 36 inches chest 
measurement only. Solid stock colors 
only. No special orders. Each, $2.00 



We ivill furnish any of the 
above solid color Jerseys, 



SPECIAL NOTICE 



{except Nos. 6 and 6X) with one color body and another 

color {.not striped) collar and cuffs in stock colors only 

at no extra charge. 



Spalding Cotton Jerseys 

No. 6. Cotton, good quality, fashioned, roll collar, full length sleeves. 
Colors: Black, Navy Blue, Gray and Maroon only- OEach, S i .OO 

No. 6X. Cotton, same as No. 6, but with striped sleeves in following 
combinations only : Navy with White or Red stripe ; Black with 
Orange or Red stripe; Maroon with White stripe. . Each. $ 1 .25 

Woven Letters, Numerals or Designs 

We weave into cur test grade Jerseys, No. IP, LeUers, Numerals and Designs in special colon 
as desired. Prices quoted on application. Designs submitted. 



PRICES SUBJECT TO ADVANCE WITHOUT NOTICE 




PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO I 

ANY COMMUNICATIONS 

ADDRESSED TO US 



A. G.SPALDING & BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



FOR COMPLETE LIST Of STORES 

SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER 

OF THIS BOOK 



"prices in e^ecl January 5, 1910. Subject to change Without notice. For Canadian prices fee special Canadian Catajpgu 



StSUHE SPALDING 




SPALDING JACKET SWEATERS 

CTi\rU fAI ADC PI/AIN COLORS— All Spalding Sweaters are supplied in any of the following sto. 
•J 1 ULli LULUKiJ colors at regular prices. Other colors to order only In any quality 50c. each exti 



CRAY WHITE 

OICANGE MAROON 

BLACK SCARLET 

SPECIAL NOTICE-We will furn 
color (not striped) collar and cuffs 



OLIVE GREEN PURPLE OLD CON 

IRISH GREEN YELLOW DRAB 

PINK SEAL BROWN 

h any of the solid color sweaters mentioned below with one color body and aneth 
1 stock colors only at no extra charge. This does not apply to the No. 3JB Boys' Sweat 



CARDINAL 
NAVY BLUE 
ROYAL BLUE 



COLUMBIA BLUE 
PEACOCK BLUE 
DARX GREEN 



Sizes 28 to U inch chest measurement. We allotv four inches for stretch in all our sweaters, and sizes a 

marked accordinghj. It is suggested, hoivever, that for very heavy men a size about tiuo inches larger th 

coat measurement he ordered to insure a comfortable fit, 

BUTTON FRONT 

No. VG. Best quality worsted, heavy 
V eight, pearl buttons. Made in regu- 
lar stock colors^also in Dark Browu 
Mixture. ' ,' Each, S7.00 

No. DJ. Fine worsted, standarc 
\\ eight, pearl buttons, fine knit edging 
Made in regular stock colors, also in > 
-nge Gray. , " Each, S6.00, 

Mo. 3J. Standard weight wool. Shaker i 
^nit, pearl buttons. In stock colors. 

; Each, $5. CO 
WITH POCKETS 
No. VGP. Best quality worsted, 
heavy weight, pearl buttons. In stock 
colors. With pocket on either side and 
a particularly convenient and popular 
stvlefor golf players. Each, S7.50 





So. VG. Showing special trir 

'>ing and cuffs supplied, if desired, 

• jacket sweaters at no extra charj( 



Spalding Special Base Ball Sweater^ 

No. CDW. Good quality worsted, ribbed knit. In stock colors. Special trimm^ 
edging and cuffs in stock colors supplied at no extra charge. Each, $5.JB 




Boys' Jacket Sweater 

No. 3JB. This is an all wool jacket sweater, 
with pearl buttons; furnished only in sizes from 
30 to 36 inches chest measurement. In stock 
colors. . . Each, S3.50 



Spalding Ladies' Sweaters 



Knit in the Spalding athletic stitch of 
best quality long fibre worsted; full 
fashioned to shape of body on special 
machine and finished by hand. Cuffs, 
pocket and edging of special stitch. 
Good quality pearl buttons. Patch 
pockets. Attractive in appearance 
and, being properly made, they fit 
well and give satisfactory wear. Fur- 
nished in regular stock colors. 
No. LDJ. Ladies' Sweater, regular 
button front. , "\Each, $8. CO 

No. LWJ. With special reversible 
collar, as on our Men's No. WJ 
Automobile Sweater. Each, $ I O . O O . 




PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO 

m COMMUNICATIONS 

AODRESSEO TO US 



A. G; SPALDING & BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



OMPltTE LIST Of STOREJi 
INSIDE FRONT COVER 
OF THIS BOOK 



•pJites in cgccl January 5,1910. Subject lu change uiilhoul no/icc. Fur Canadian firiccs see special Canadian Calalcgue. 



sSbSe THE SPALDING 



Spalding Coat Jerseys 

Following sizes carried in slock regularly in ail qualilies : 28 to 44 inch chest. Other sizes at an advanced orice. 

We alloiv two inches for stretch in all our Jerseys, and sizes are marked accordingly. 

It is suggested, however, that for very heavy men a size about two inches larger than 

coat measurement he ordered to insure a comfortable fit. 

STOCK COLORS < ■ 

Peacock Blue Olive Green Pink Yellow Old Gold 

Dark Green Irish Green Purple Seal Brown Drab 



Gray Black Maroon. Cardinal Royal Blue 
Orange White Scarlet Navy Columbia Blue 

PLAIN COLORS — The above slock colors are supplied in our worsted jerseys (NOT Nos. 6 or 6XJ al regular orices. 3Uier 

colors to order only in any quality (EXCEPT Nos. 6 or 6X) 2Sc. each extra. 

STRIPES AND TRIMMINGS— Supplied as specified in any ol the above stock colors ( not more than two colors in any garment ) 

at regular prices. OUier colors to order only in any quality (EXCEPT Nos. 6 or 6X) 25c. each extra. 




The Spalding Coat Jerseys are made of the 
same worsted yarn from which we tnaiui- 
factureour better grade Jerseys, Nos. lOP 
and 12P, and no pains have been spared to 
turn them out in a well made and attrac- 
tive manner. Plain solid stock colors 
(not striped) or one solid stock color body 
and sleeves with different stock color 
solid trimming (not striped) on cuffs, 
collar and front edging. Pearl buttons 
No. I OC. Same grade as our No. lOP. 

Each. $3.50 
No. I 2C. Same grade "as our No. 12P. 

■Each, $3.00 

No. I OCP. Pockets, otRerwise same as 

No. IOC. " Each, $4.25 



3D 



DC 



Spalding Striped 
and V-Neck Jerseys 

Note list of stock colors above 
No. I OPW Good quality worsted, sarr 
grade as No. lOP, Solid stock color body 
and sleeves, with 6-inch stock color stripe 
around body. . . Each. $3.50 



Nos. 10PW and 12PW 

No. I 2PW. Worsted; solid stock 

color body and sleeves with 6-inch 

stock color stripe around bod v. 

Each, $3.00 

No. I OPX. Good quality worsted, 
fashioned ; solid stock color body, 
with stock color striped sleeves, 
usually alternating two inches of 
same color as body, with narrow 
stripes 'of any other stock color. 
Each, $3.50 





Nos. 10PX 



l^o 12PV 

No. 1 2PV Worsted, solid stock 
colors, with V-neck instead of full 
collar as on regular jerseys. 

Each, S3.00 

No. I2PX. Worsted, solid stock 
color body , with stock color striped 
sleeves, usually alternating two 
inches of same color as body, with 
narrow stripes of any other stock 
color. . , Each, $3.00 



PRICES SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE 



PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO 

ANY COMMUNICATIONS 

ADDRESSED TO US 



A. G.SPALDING &. BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES 

SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER 

OF THIS BOOK 



f nc« in tJftU ]u 



A Canadian Cutahguc 



ACCEPT NO 
SUBSTITUTE 



m 



T 



GUARANTEE 
OUAUTY 



ATHLETIC SHIRTS^ TIGHTS AND TRUNl 

STOCK COLORS AND SIZES. Worsted Goods. Best QnaUty. We carry following colors regularly ir 
Black, Navy Blue and Maroon, in stock sizes Shirts, 26 to 44 in. chest. Tights, 28 to 42 in. waist. Other colors and sizes 
to order at special prices. Estimates on application. 
Oar No. 600 Line Worsted Goods. Furnished in Gray and White, Navy Blue, Maroon and Black only Stock sizes Sh^j 

26 to 44 in. chest ; Tights. 28 to 42 in waist. 1 

Sanltai7 Cotton Goods. Colors: Bleached White, Navy, Black, Maroon and GVay Stock sizes; 26 to 44 in chest Ti( " 

'^•^'''" ""''' Spalding Sleeveless Shirts 

No. I E. Best Worsted, full fashioned, stock colors and sizes. Each, $3.00 
No. 600. Cut worsted, stock colors and sizes. ..- " ** I.50 

No. 6E. Sanitary Cotton, stock colore and sizes. . '* .50 

Spalding Striped Sleeveless Shirts 

No. 600S. Cut Worsted, with 6-inch stripe around chest, in following com- 
binations of colors; Navy with White stripe; Black with Orange stripe; Maroon 
with White stripe; Red with Black stripe; Royal Blue wth_White stripe; Black 
with Red stripe; Gray with Cardinal stripe. •* Each, SI. 7 5 

No. 6ES. Sanitary Cotton, solid color body, with 6-inch stripe around chest, 
in same combinations of colors as No. 600S. ■ . . - »» _ Each, 75c. 

Spalding Shirts with Sash 
No. 6ED. Sanitary Cotton, sleeveless, solid color .body with sash of differ- 
ent color. Same combinations of colors as N6. 600S. - - .Each, 75c. 

Spalding Quarter Sleeve Shirts :^ 

No. IF. Best Worsted, full fashioned, stock colors and sizes. Each,'S3,00 
No. 60 I . Cut Worsted, stock colors and sizes. — — — " i .75 

No. 6F. Sanitary Cotton, stock colors and sizes. . '* .60 

Spalding Full Sleeve Shirts 

No. 3D. Cotton, Flesh, White, Black. . . _ " — Each, S I .OO 






Spalding Knee Tights 

No. IB. Best Worsted, full 
fashioned, stock colors and 
I sizes. v« -^ Pair, «3. 2 5 

I No. 60 4 . Cut Worsted, stock 
I colors and sizes. Pair, Si 1 . 5 Q. 
JNo. 4B. Sanitary Cotton, stock 
I colors and sizes. Pair. 50c. 

Spalding 
Full Length Tights 

[No. I A. Best Worsted, full 
fashioned, stock colors and 
sizes. Pair, $4.50 

No. 605. Cut Worsted, stock 
colors and sizes. Pair, $2.50^ 
No. 3A. Cotton, full quality. White, Black, 
Flesh. ' Pair, $I.OO 

Spalding Worsted Trunks 

No. I . Best Worsted, Black, Maroon 
and Navy. ■ 'Pair, $2.5 O 

No. 2. Cut Worsted, N&vy and black. 
Special colors to order 'Pair, $1.25 




No. IB 





Spalding Running Pants 

No. I. White or Black 
Sateen, fly front, lace back. 

Pair, $ 1 .25 
No. 2. White or Black 
Sateen, fly front, lace back. 

^air, $I.OO 
No.3. White or Black Silesia, 
fly front, lace back, Pr 7^5c 
No. 4. White, Black or Gray 
Silesia, fly front, lace back. 
Pair, 50c. 
Silk Ribbon. Stripes down 
sides of any of these running 
pants 25c. per pair extra 
Silk Ribbon Stripe around waist on any of tl 
running pants 25q per pair extra, 





Spalding Velvet Trunks 

No. 3. Fine Velvet. Colors: Black, 
Navy, Royal Blue, Maroon. Special 
colors to order. Pair, $l,.00 

No. 4. Sateen. Black, White. 

Pair, 50c 



V 



JUVENILE SHIRTS, TIGHTS AND PANTS 

Ol^LY SIZES SUPPLIBD—Chest, 26^ to 30 inches, inclusive; Waist, 2h to 26 inches, inclusive 

E«CH ( 

No.66. Sleeveless Shirt, quality bf No. 600. $ 1 .26 I No.66. Quarter Sleeve Shirt, quality of No. 601. 9 1 
N0.65S. Sleeveless Shirt, qualityofNo.600S .1 .50 I No.64. Knee Tights, quality of No. 604 _- I 
No. 44. , Running Pants, quality of No. 4. Pair, 45c. -^ ^ 



PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO 

ANY COMMUNICATIONS 

ADDRESSED TO US 



A. G.SPALDING & BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORI 
SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER 
' OF THIS BOOK 



'£fic« iriejecl [anuury 5,1910., Suhjecljo change without notice. For Canadian prices see special Canadian Catalo/n 



THE SPALDING 

GUARANTEES 
QUALITY 



TRADE-MARK 

ACCEPT NO 
SUBSTITUTE 



Durand-Sleel] 
Lockers^ 



^^, 



Wooden lockers are objectionable* 

because they attract vermin, absorb odors, 

can be easily broken into, and are dangerous 

on account of fire. 

Lockers made from wire mesh 6t 

expanded metal afford little secur* 

ity, as they can be easily entered with wire cut* , 

ters. Clothes placed in them become covered 

with dust, and the lockers themselves present 

a poor appearance, resembling animal cages. 

Durand-Steel Lockers are made of finest 8om6 

grade furniture steel and are finished with Public 

gloss black, furnace-baked japan (400°), comparable 

to that used on hospital ware, which will never flake 

off nor require refinishing, as do paints and enamels. 





of thi 6,0 Durand-Steel Lockers Installed in th« 
Gymnasiums of Chicago. I2'x IB'x 42', Double Tier. 

Durand-Steel Lockers are usually built with 
doors perforated full length in panel design with sides 
and backs solid. This prevents clothes in one locker 
from coming in contact with wet garments 
in adjoining lockers, while plenty of venti- 
lation is secured by having the door perfo- 
rated its entire length, but, if the purchaser 
prefers, we perforate the backs also. #- 

The cost of Dnrand-Steel Lockers 
Is no more than that of flrst-class 
wooden lockers, and they last as long 
as the building, are sanitary, secure, and, 
in addition, are fire-proof. 

The following Standard Sizes are 
those most commonly used: 
double tier 

12 X 12x36 Inch 
IB X IS X 36 Inch 



I2x 12x42 Inch 
ISx 10x42 Inch 



SINGLE TIER 

12 X 12x60 Inch 

IB X IBx60 Inch 

12 X 12x72 Inch 

IBx IBX72 inch 



•ta beoK«r« 



n single Tier 



Special Sizes made to order. 
We are handling lockers as a special con- 
tract business, and shipment will m every 
case be made direct from the factory in 
Chicago. If you will let us know the num- 
ber of lockers, size and arrangement, we 
shall be glad to take up, through sgrre- 
spondence, tho matter of pricea, 



PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO I 

ANY COMMUNICATIONS 

ADDflESSEOTOUS 



A. G.SPALDING & BROS, 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES 

SEf INSIDE FRONT COVER 

OF THIS BOOK 



ejfed January 5,1910. Subject lo change without notice. For Canadian prices see special 



CalaU>gu 



ACCEPT NO 
SUBSTITUTE 



illiHJJI.IIM(#^JAMrl[imtm 







nCC. U.S. PAT. OF*. 



Spalding 
''Official 
National 
League'' 

ncc. U.S-PA1 

Ball 



Official fiall 
of the Game 
for over 
Thirty Years 



DOPTED by the National League in 1878, and the only ball used in Cham» 
pionship games since that time. Each ball wrapped in tinfoil, packed in 
a separate box, and sealed in accordance with the latest League regula- 
tions. Warranted to last a full game when used under ordinary conditions. 



No. 1. Each» $1.25 



tD 



Per Dozen, $15.0(1 



^^ 



PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO I 

ANY COMMUNICATIONS 

ADDRESSED TO US 



A. G.SPALDING & BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES 

SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER- 

OF THIS BOOK 



"BjiKS iniStit JanuaryJ, L9L0^ Sutfjecl t o change mtbQui mjfKfi. ~^ Fw_Sapo<iiWi,£'if^J<ej£e(iol Canadian CalaJfigu 



1HE following selection ol items from their latest Catalogue will give an 
idea of the great variety of ATHLETIC GOODS manufactured by A. G. 
SPALDING & BROS. SEND FOR A FREE COPY. 



Archery 

Bags- 
Bat 

Cricket 
Striking 
Uniform 

Balls- 



Basket 
Cricket 
Field Hockey 
Foot, College 
Foot, Rugby 
Foot, Soccer 
Golf 
Hand 
Indoor 
Medicine 
Playground 
Squash 
Tennis 
Volley 
Water Polo 
Bandages. Elastic 
Bathing Suits 
Bats- 
Base Ball 
Cricket 
Belts 
Caps- 
Base Ball 
University 
Water Polo 
Chest Weights 
Circle, Seven-Foot 
Coats, Base Ball 
Collars, Swimming 
Corks. Running 
Covers, Racket 
Cricket Goods 
Croquet Goods 
Discus, Olympic 
Dumb Bells 
Emblems 
Equestrian Polo 
Exerciser, Home 
Felt Letters 
Fencing Sticks 
Field Hockey 
Flags- 
College 

Foul, Base Ball 
Marking, Golf 
Foils, Fencing 
Foot Balls- 
Association 
College 
Rugby 
\sse8. Base Ball 
'n 
toraobile 



Gloves — 
Base Ball 
Boxing 
Cricket 
Fencing 
Foot Ball 
Golf 

Handball 
Hockey, Ice 
Glove Softener 
Goals — 
Basket Ball 
Foot Ball 
Hockey, Ice 
Golf Clubs 
Golf Counters 
Golfette 

Gymnasium, Home 
Gymnasium Board 
Hammers, Athletic 
Hats, University 
Head Harness 
Health Pull 
Hockey Sticks, Ice 
Hole Cutter, Golf 
Hole Rim, Golf 
Horse, Vaulting 
Hurdles, Safety 
Hurley Goods 
Indian Clubs 
Jackets- 
Fencing 
Foot Ball 
Javelins 
Jerseys 

Knee Protectors 
Liacrosse 
Lanes for Sprints 
Lawn Bowls 
Leg Guards— 
Base Ball 
Cricket 
Foot Ball 
Markers, Tennis 
Masks- 
Base Ball 
Fencing 

Nose [inal 

Maaseur, A b d o m" 
Mattresses 
Megaphones 
Mitts- 
Base Ball 
Handball 
Striking Bag 
Moccasins 
Nets- 
Cricket 
Golf Driving 
Tennis 
Volley Ball 



Numbers, Compet- 
Pads— [itors' 

Chamois, Fencing 
Foot Ball 
Sliding. Base Ball 
Pants- 
Base Ball 
Basket Ball 
Foot Ball, College 
Foot Ball, Rugby 
Hockey, Ice 
Running 
Pennants, College 
Plates- 
Base Ball Shoe 
Home 

Marking. Tennis 
Pitchers' Box 
Pitchers' Toe 
Teeing, Golf 
Platforms, Striking 

Bag 
Poles- 
Vaulting 
Polo, Roller. Goods 
Posts- 
Backstop, Tennis 
Lawn Tennis 
Protectors — 
Abdomen 
Base Ball Body 
Eye Glass 
Push Ball 
Quoits 

Rackets, Tennis 
Rings- 
Exercising 
Swinging 
Rowing Machines 
Roque 
Sacks, for Sack 

Racing 
Score Board, Golf 
Score Books- 
Score Tablets, 
Shirts- 
Athletic 
Base Ball 
Shoes — 
Base Ball 
Basket Ball 
Bowling 
Clog 

Cross Country 
Cricket 

Fencing [ation 
Foot Ball, Associ- 
Foot Ball, College 
Foot Ball, Rugby 
Foot Ball, Soccer 
Golf 
Gymnasium 



Base 
[Ball 



Shoes — 
Jumping 
Running 
Skating 
Squash 
Tennis 
Shot- 
Athletic 
Indoor 
Massage 
Skates- 
Ice 
Roller 
Skis 

Sleeve, Pitchers 
Snow Shoes 
Squash Groods 
Straps- 
Base Ball 
For Three- 
Legged Race 
Skate 
Stockings 
Striking Bags 
Suits — 

Basket Ball 
Gymnasium 
Gymnasium, 

Ladies' 
Running 
Soccer 
Swimming 
Union Foot 
Ball 
Supporters 
Ankle 
Wrist 
Suspensories 
Sweaters 
Tether Tennis 
Tights — 
Full 

W restling 
Kner 
Tobog^iiins 
Trapeze 
Trunks- 
Bathing 
Velvet 
Worsted 
Umpire Indica- 
Uniforms [tor 
Wands, Calis- 

thenic 
Watches, Stop 
Water Wings 
Weights, 56-lb. 
Whitely Exer- 
cisers 
Wrestlin g 
Equipment 



AUG © '5J1U 

Standard Policy 

A Standard Quality must be inseparably linked to a Standard Policy. 

Without a definite and Standard Mercantile folicy, it is impossible for a manufacturer to long 
maintain a Standard Quality. 

To market his goods through the jobber, a manufacturer must provide a profit for the jobber as 
well as the retail dealer. To meet these conditions of Dual Profits, the manufacturer is obliged to 
set a proportionately high list price on his goods to the consumer. 

To enable the glib salesman, when booking his orders, to figure out attractive profits to both the 
jobber and retailer, these high list prices are absolutely essential; but their real purpose will have been 
served when the manufacturer has secured his order from the jobber, and the jobber has secured his 
order from the retailer. 

However, these deceptive high list prices are not fair to the consumer, who does not, and, in 
reality, is not ever expected to pay these fancy list prices. 

When the season opens for the sale of such goods, with their misleading but alluring high list 
prices, the retailer begins to realize his responsibilities, and grapples with the situation as best he 
can, by offering "special discounts," which vary with local trade conditions. 

Under this system of merchandising, the profits to both the manufacturer and the jobber are 
assured; but as there is no stability maintained in the prices to the consumer, the keen competition 
amongst the local dealers invariably leads to a demoralized cutting of prices by which the profits of 
the retailer are practically eliminated. 

This demoralization always reacts on the manufacturer. ^The jobber insists on lower, and still 
lower, prices. The manufacturer in his turn, meets this demand for the lowering of prices by the 
only way open to him, viz, : the cheapening and degrading of the quality of his product. 

The foregoing conditions became so intolerable that, ten years ago, in 1899, A. G. Spalding 
& Bros, determined to rectify this demoralization in the Athletic Goods Trade, and inaugurated what 
has since become known as "The Spalding Policy." 

The "Spalding Policy" eliminates the jobber entirely, so far as Spalding Goods are concerned, 
and the retail dealer secures his supply of Spalding Athletic Goods direct from the manufacturer 
under a restricted retail price arrangement by which the retail dealer is assured a fair, legitimate and 
certain profit on all Spalding Athletic Goods, and the consumer is assured a Standard Quality and is 
protected from imposition. 

The "Spalding Policy" is decidedly for the interest and protection of the users of Athletic Goods, 
and acts in two ways: 

First— The user is assured of genuine Ofllcial Standard Athletic Goods, and 

the same fixed prices to everybody. 
Second— As manufacturers, we can proceed with confidence in purchasing at 
the proper time, the very best raw materials required in the manufacture 
of our various goods, well ahead of their respective seasons, and this enables 
us to provide the necessary quantity and absolutely maintain the Spalding 
Standard of Quality. 

All retail dealers handling Spalding Athletic Goods are required to supply consumers at our 
regular printed catalogue prices— neither more nor less— the same prices that similar goods are so) 
for in our New York, Chicago and other stores. 

All Spalding dealers, as well as users of Spalding Athletic Goods, are treated exactly alike, an' 
special rebates or discriminations are allowed to anyone. 

Positively, nobody; not even officers, managers, salesmen or other employes of A. G. S'' 
& Bros., or any of their relatives or personal friends, can buy Spalding Athletic Goods at a ' 
from the regular catalogue prices. 

This, briefly, is the "Spalding Policy," which has already been in successful 'operat) 
past ten years, and will be indefinitely continued. 

In other words, " The Spalding Policy " is a " square deal " for evei^ody. ; 

A. G. SPALDING & ' 



8' tZ4.iJ/ 






^<^v-^. -4.^ -^^ 



■A- ^*' "^* ^^^%^, 



--A. > yfim>' 






vi.../% •■■ ■•;.<..,,:v-^-> . \"-«"': 
















% 












*-^o^ .M^^«'- ■»*o<'^' o-,.->5sai:i^-. '^_^^^ 




** i^ D0^3S BROS. s c*^ 

2 Cf<^ LIBRARV aiNOINO J 



^ '''ST. AUGUSTINE ^^ 










- H 



32084 



o\.i:,;:,-. °: 



-i* . 



^..^' '^^^l^'-^^.c^' .. 



